Condensation energy in a superconductor for all temperatures

J. Ortega; F. Zúñiga; M. de Llano

doi:10.1007/s10909-020-02514-2

Condensation energy in a superconductor for all temperatures

J. Ortega, F. Zúñiga^*, M. de Llano

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

An exact analytical expression for the condensation energy E_cond(T) of a phonon-driven superconductor for all absolute temperatures T and for any coupling strength is introduced so as to calculate the Helmholtz free energy difference F_s(T) - F_n(T) between superconducting (s) and normal (n) states. This is achieved via a boson–fermion ternary gas theory—called the generalized Bose–Einstein condensation (GBEC) theory—which includes two-hole Cooper pairs, two-electron ones as well as single, free/unbound electrons. The GBEC formalism turns out to be quite useful in dealing with nonzero T values of E_cond(T) and reproduces several well-known experimental results. An expression for the condensation energy per atom is also calculated and applied to aluminum and niobium, and both results are compared with experimental data.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Low Temperature Physics
Volume	First Online
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02514-2
Publication status	Published - 29 Aug 2020

Keywords

BCS theory
Condensation energy
Generalized Bose–Einstein condensation (GBEC) theory
Two-electron and two-hole Cooper pairs

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10.1007/s10909-020-02514-2

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title = "Condensation energy in a superconductor for all temperatures",

abstract = "An exact analytical expression for the condensation energy Econd(T) of a phonon-driven superconductor for all absolute temperatures T and for any coupling strength is introduced so as to calculate the Helmholtz free energy difference Fs(T) - Fn(T) between superconducting (s) and normal (n) states. This is achieved via a boson–fermion ternary gas theory—called the generalized Bose–Einstein condensation (GBEC) theory—which includes two-hole Cooper pairs, two-electron ones as well as single, free/unbound electrons. The GBEC formalism turns out to be quite useful in dealing with nonzero T values of Econd(T) and reproduces several well-known experimental results. An expression for the condensation energy per atom is also calculated and applied to aluminum and niobium, and both results are compared with experimental data.",

keywords = "BCS theory, Condensation energy, Generalized Bose–Einstein condensation (GBEC) theory, Two-electron and two-hole Cooper pairs",

author = "J. Ortega and F. Z{\'u}{\~n}iga and {de Llano}, M.",

note = "FZ acknowledges funding from CONACYT Grant No. 358174/291001.",

year = "2020",

month = aug,

day = "29",

doi = "10.1007/s10909-020-02514-2",

language = "English",

volume = "First Online",

journal = "Journal of Low Temperature Physics",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Condensation energy in a superconductor for all temperatures

AU - Ortega, J.

AU - Zúñiga, F.

AU - de Llano, M.

N1 - FZ acknowledges funding from CONACYT Grant No. 358174/291001.

PY - 2020/8/29

Y1 - 2020/8/29

N2 - An exact analytical expression for the condensation energy Econd(T) of a phonon-driven superconductor for all absolute temperatures T and for any coupling strength is introduced so as to calculate the Helmholtz free energy difference Fs(T) - Fn(T) between superconducting (s) and normal (n) states. This is achieved via a boson–fermion ternary gas theory—called the generalized Bose–Einstein condensation (GBEC) theory—which includes two-hole Cooper pairs, two-electron ones as well as single, free/unbound electrons. The GBEC formalism turns out to be quite useful in dealing with nonzero T values of Econd(T) and reproduces several well-known experimental results. An expression for the condensation energy per atom is also calculated and applied to aluminum and niobium, and both results are compared with experimental data.

AB - An exact analytical expression for the condensation energy Econd(T) of a phonon-driven superconductor for all absolute temperatures T and for any coupling strength is introduced so as to calculate the Helmholtz free energy difference Fs(T) - Fn(T) between superconducting (s) and normal (n) states. This is achieved via a boson–fermion ternary gas theory—called the generalized Bose–Einstein condensation (GBEC) theory—which includes two-hole Cooper pairs, two-electron ones as well as single, free/unbound electrons. The GBEC formalism turns out to be quite useful in dealing with nonzero T values of Econd(T) and reproduces several well-known experimental results. An expression for the condensation energy per atom is also calculated and applied to aluminum and niobium, and both results are compared with experimental data.

KW - BCS theory

KW - Condensation energy

KW - Generalized Bose–Einstein condensation (GBEC) theory

KW - Two-electron and two-hole Cooper pairs

U2 - 10.1007/s10909-020-02514-2

DO - 10.1007/s10909-020-02514-2

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85089993248

SN - 0022-2291

VL - First Online

JO - Journal of Low Temperature Physics

JF - Journal of Low Temperature Physics

ER -

Condensation energy in a superconductor for all temperatures

Abstract

Keywords

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