Combinatorial capacities in primates

Do primates have syntax-like abilities? One line of enquiry is to test how subjects respond to different types of artificial grammars. Results have revealed neural structures responsible for processing combinatorial content, shared between non-human primates and humans. Another approach has been to study natural communication, which has revealed a wealth of organisational principles, including merged compounds and sequences with stochastic, permutated, hierarchical and cross-modal combinatorial structure. There is solid experimental evidence that recipients can attend to such combinatorial features to extract meaning. The current debate is whether animal communication can also be compositional, that is, whether signallers assemble meaningful units to create utterances with novel meanings.