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Co-ordinated shifts in deep-water formation and Gulf Stream migration during abrupt climate changes

  • Fangjingcheng Zhu*
  • , Alice Carter-Champion
  • , Jack H. Wharton
  • , Joel Bracamontes-Ramírez
  • , Andrea Burke
  • , Peter B. de Menocal
  • , David Fairman
  • , Lloyd D. Keigwin
  • , Thomas M. Marchitto
  • , Eirini Papachristopoulou
  • , James W. B. Rae
  • , Yair Rosenthal
  • , Ning Zhao
  • , David J. R. Thornalley*
  • *Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Theory and models suggest the Gulf Stream may shift northwards under projected Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation weakening. Yet Gulf Stream behaviour during past abrupt cold events remains poorly constrained. Here we present high-resolution paleoceanographic records from the Northwest Atlantic during the last deglaciation. During the Younger Dryas cold period, we document a northward Gulf Stream shift evidenced from coherent surface and subsurface warming. Our sortable silt data suggest a strengthening of upper North Atlantic Deep Water that opposes weakening lower North Atlantic Deep Water, consistent with a seesaw feedback between the Nordic overflows and subpolar gyre. Our results constrain a co-ordinated sequence at the Younger Dryas onset: initial lower North Atlantic Deep Water weakening and subpolar sea‑ice expansion, lagged (58 ± 38 yr) by an increase in upper North Atlantic Deep Water and an eventual atmospheric reorganization (84 ± 51 yr after onset). These findings provide empirical support for model projections of future Gulf Stream shifts.
Original languageEnglish
Article number4966
JournalNature Communications
Volume17
Issue number1
Early online date11 Jun 2026
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 11 Jun 2026

Keywords

  • Palaeoceanography
  • Palaeoclimate

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