Clinical characteristics and lung function in older children vertically infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Malawi

Thandie Mwalukomo; Sarah Rylance; Emily Webb; Suzanne Anderson; Bernadette Ann-Marie O'Hare; Joep J. van Oosterhout; Rashida A. Ferrand; Elizabeth L. Corbett; Jamie Rylance

doi:10.1093/jpids/piv045

Clinical characteristics and lung function in older children vertically infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Malawi

Thandie Mwalukomo, Sarah Rylance, Emily Webb, Suzanne Anderson, Bernadette Ann-Marie O'Hare, Joep J. van Oosterhout, Rashida A. Ferrand, Elizabeth L. Corbett, Jamie Rylance

School of Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to increased survival of children with vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. Significant morbidity arises from respiratory symptoms, but aetiology and pulmonary function abnormalities have not been systematically studied.

Methods Human immunodeficiency virus-positive children aged 8–16 years were systematically recruited within clinics in Blantyre, Malawi. Clinical review, quality of life assessment, spirometry, and chest radiography were performed.

Results One hundred sixty participants had a mean of age 11.1 (range, 8–16) years and 50.0% were female. Cough was present in 60 (37.5%) participants, and 55 (34.4%) had moderate or severe dyspnoea. Thirty-four (22.1%) participants had digital clubbing. Thirty-three (20.6%) participants were hypoxic at rest. One hundred eighteen (73.8%) of the children were receiving ART; median CD4 count was 698 cells/µL in these compared with 406 cells/µL in ART-naive individuals (P < .001). From 145 spirometry traces (90.6%), mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were 1.06 and 0.89 standard deviations below predicted mean, respectively. Twenty-one (14.5%) traces demonstrated obstructive defects and 26 (17.9%) reduced FVC. Lung function abnormality was not associated with any clinical findings. Of the 51 individuals with abnormal lung function, the mean increase in FEV1 after salbutamol was 3.8% (95% confidence interval, 0.02–7.53). “Tramlines” and ring shadows were seen on chest radiographs in over half of cases.

Conclusions Symptoms of chronic lung disease were highly prevalent with 2 main clinical phenotypes: “cough” and “hypoxia”. Lung function abnormalities are common, poorly responsive to bronchodilators, and apparent throughout the age range of our cohort. Pathological causes remain to be elucidated. Cough and hypoxic phenotypes could be a useful part of diagnostic algorithms if further validated.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	161-169
Journal	Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
Volume	5
Issue number	2
Early online date	25 Aug 2015
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piv045
Publication status	Published - Jun 2016

Keywords

Case definition
Chronic lung disease
HIV
Infectious disease transmission
Respiratory function tests
Vertical

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10.1093/jpids/piv045Licence: CC BY

ohare2015jpids-advance
© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Final published version, 284 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Mwalukomo, T., Rylance, S., Webb, E., Anderson, S., O'Hare, B. A.-M., van Oosterhout, J. J., Ferrand, R. A., Corbett, E. L., & Rylance, J. (2016). Clinical characteristics and lung function in older children vertically infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Malawi. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 5(2), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piv045

@article{7737d0d18c194d66826f7434880ee3fd,

title = "Clinical characteristics and lung function in older children vertically infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Malawi",

abstract = "Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to increased survival of children with vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. Significant morbidity arises from respiratory symptoms, but aetiology and pulmonary function abnormalities have not been systematically studied. Methods Human immunodeficiency virus-positive children aged 8–16 years were systematically recruited within clinics in Blantyre, Malawi. Clinical review, quality of life assessment, spirometry, and chest radiography were performed. Results One hundred sixty participants had a mean of age 11.1 (range, 8–16) years and 50.0% were female. Cough was present in 60 (37.5%) participants, and 55 (34.4%) had moderate or severe dyspnoea. Thirty-four (22.1%) participants had digital clubbing. Thirty-three (20.6%) participants were hypoxic at rest. One hundred eighteen (73.8%) of the children were receiving ART; median CD4 count was 698 cells/µL in these compared with 406 cells/µL in ART-naive individuals (P < .001). From 145 spirometry traces (90.6%), mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were 1.06 and 0.89 standard deviations below predicted mean, respectively. Twenty-one (14.5%) traces demonstrated obstructive defects and 26 (17.9%) reduced FVC. Lung function abnormality was not associated with any clinical findings. Of the 51 individuals with abnormal lung function, the mean increase in FEV1 after salbutamol was 3.8% (95% confidence interval, 0.02–7.53). “Tramlines” and ring shadows were seen on chest radiographs in over half of cases. Conclusions Symptoms of chronic lung disease were highly prevalent with 2 main clinical phenotypes: “cough” and “hypoxia”. Lung function abnormalities are common, poorly responsive to bronchodilators, and apparent throughout the age range of our cohort. Pathological causes remain to be elucidated. Cough and hypoxic phenotypes could be a useful part of diagnostic algorithms if further validated.",

keywords = "Case definition, Chronic lung disease, HIV, Infectious disease transmission, Respiratory function tests, Vertical",

author = "Thandie Mwalukomo and Sarah Rylance and Emily Webb and Suzanne Anderson and O'Hare, {Bernadette Ann-Marie} and {van Oosterhout}, {Joep J.} and Ferrand, {Rashida A.} and Corbett, {Elizabeth L.} and Jamie Rylance",

note = "T. M. was funded by the Commonwealth scholarship, with research costs from a grant fom Helse Nord Northern Norway Regional Health Authority. E. L. C., R. A. F., and J. R. are supported by Wellcome Trust Fellowships (Senior Fellowship in Clinical Sciences WT091769, Career Development Fellowship WT095878 and Clinical PhD Fellowship 086756/B/08/Z, respectively). ",

year = "2016",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1093/jpids/piv045",

language = "English",

volume = "5",

pages = "161--169",

journal = "Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society",

number = "2",

}

Mwalukomo, T, Rylance, S, Webb, E, Anderson, S, O'Hare, BA-M, van Oosterhout, JJ, Ferrand, RA, Corbett, EL & Rylance, J 2016, 'Clinical characteristics and lung function in older children vertically infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Malawi', Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piv045

TY - JOUR

T1 - Clinical characteristics and lung function in older children vertically infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Malawi

AU - Mwalukomo, Thandie

AU - Rylance, Sarah

AU - Webb, Emily

AU - Anderson, Suzanne

AU - O'Hare, Bernadette Ann-Marie

AU - van Oosterhout, Joep J.

AU - Ferrand, Rashida A.

AU - Corbett, Elizabeth L.

AU - Rylance, Jamie

N1 - T. M. was funded by the Commonwealth scholarship, with research costs from a grant fom Helse Nord Northern Norway Regional Health Authority. E. L. C., R. A. F., and J. R. are supported by Wellcome Trust Fellowships (Senior Fellowship in Clinical Sciences WT091769, Career Development Fellowship WT095878 and Clinical PhD Fellowship 086756/B/08/Z, respectively).

PY - 2016/6

Y1 - 2016/6

N2 - Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to increased survival of children with vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. Significant morbidity arises from respiratory symptoms, but aetiology and pulmonary function abnormalities have not been systematically studied. Methods Human immunodeficiency virus-positive children aged 8–16 years were systematically recruited within clinics in Blantyre, Malawi. Clinical review, quality of life assessment, spirometry, and chest radiography were performed. Results One hundred sixty participants had a mean of age 11.1 (range, 8–16) years and 50.0% were female. Cough was present in 60 (37.5%) participants, and 55 (34.4%) had moderate or severe dyspnoea. Thirty-four (22.1%) participants had digital clubbing. Thirty-three (20.6%) participants were hypoxic at rest. One hundred eighteen (73.8%) of the children were receiving ART; median CD4 count was 698 cells/µL in these compared with 406 cells/µL in ART-naive individuals (P < .001). From 145 spirometry traces (90.6%), mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were 1.06 and 0.89 standard deviations below predicted mean, respectively. Twenty-one (14.5%) traces demonstrated obstructive defects and 26 (17.9%) reduced FVC. Lung function abnormality was not associated with any clinical findings. Of the 51 individuals with abnormal lung function, the mean increase in FEV1 after salbutamol was 3.8% (95% confidence interval, 0.02–7.53). “Tramlines” and ring shadows were seen on chest radiographs in over half of cases. Conclusions Symptoms of chronic lung disease were highly prevalent with 2 main clinical phenotypes: “cough” and “hypoxia”. Lung function abnormalities are common, poorly responsive to bronchodilators, and apparent throughout the age range of our cohort. Pathological causes remain to be elucidated. Cough and hypoxic phenotypes could be a useful part of diagnostic algorithms if further validated.

AB - Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to increased survival of children with vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. Significant morbidity arises from respiratory symptoms, but aetiology and pulmonary function abnormalities have not been systematically studied. Methods Human immunodeficiency virus-positive children aged 8–16 years were systematically recruited within clinics in Blantyre, Malawi. Clinical review, quality of life assessment, spirometry, and chest radiography were performed. Results One hundred sixty participants had a mean of age 11.1 (range, 8–16) years and 50.0% were female. Cough was present in 60 (37.5%) participants, and 55 (34.4%) had moderate or severe dyspnoea. Thirty-four (22.1%) participants had digital clubbing. Thirty-three (20.6%) participants were hypoxic at rest. One hundred eighteen (73.8%) of the children were receiving ART; median CD4 count was 698 cells/µL in these compared with 406 cells/µL in ART-naive individuals (P < .001). From 145 spirometry traces (90.6%), mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were 1.06 and 0.89 standard deviations below predicted mean, respectively. Twenty-one (14.5%) traces demonstrated obstructive defects and 26 (17.9%) reduced FVC. Lung function abnormality was not associated with any clinical findings. Of the 51 individuals with abnormal lung function, the mean increase in FEV1 after salbutamol was 3.8% (95% confidence interval, 0.02–7.53). “Tramlines” and ring shadows were seen on chest radiographs in over half of cases. Conclusions Symptoms of chronic lung disease were highly prevalent with 2 main clinical phenotypes: “cough” and “hypoxia”. Lung function abnormalities are common, poorly responsive to bronchodilators, and apparent throughout the age range of our cohort. Pathological causes remain to be elucidated. Cough and hypoxic phenotypes could be a useful part of diagnostic algorithms if further validated.

KW - Case definition

KW - Chronic lung disease

KW - HIV

KW - Infectious disease transmission

KW - Respiratory function tests

KW - Vertical

UR - http://jpids.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/08/21/jpids.piv045.full

U2 - 10.1093/jpids/piv045

DO - 10.1093/jpids/piv045

M3 - Article

VL - 5

SP - 161

EP - 169

JO - Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

JF - Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

IS - 2

ER -

Clinical characteristics and lung function in older children vertically infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Malawi

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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