TY - JOUR
T1 - China's 1-3-7 surveillance and response strategy for malaria elimination
T2 - Is case reporting, investigation and foci response happening according to plan?
AU - Zhou, Shui-Sen
AU - Zhang, Shao-Sen
AU - Zhang, Li
AU - Rietveld, Aafje E C
AU - Ramsay, Andrew R
AU - Zachariah, Rony
AU - Bissell, Karen
AU - Van den Bergh, Rafael
AU - Xia, Zhi-Gui
AU - Zhou, Xiao-Nong
AU - Cibulskis, Richard E
PY - 2015/12/10
Y1 - 2015/12/10
N2 - BACKGROUND: The China's 1-3-7 strategy was initiated and extensively adopted in different types of counties (geographic regions) for reporting of malaria cases within 1 day, their confirmation and investigation within 3 days, and the appropriate public health response to prevent further transmission within 7 days. Assessing the level of compliance to the 1-3-7 strategy at the county level is a first step towards determining whether the surveillance and response strategy is happening according to plan. This study assessed if the time-bound targets of the 1-3-7 strategy were being sustained over time. Such information would be useful to improve implementation of the 1-3-7 strategy in China.METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved country-wide programmatic data for the period January 1st 2013 to June 30th 2014. Data variables were extracted from the national malaria information system and included socio-demographic information, type of county, date of diagnosis, date of reporting, date of case investigation, case classification (indigenous, or imported, or unknown), focus investigation, date of reactive case detection (RACD), and date of indoor residual spraying (IRS). Summary statistics and proportions were used and comparisons between groups were assessed using the chi-square test. Level of significance was set at a P-value ≤ 0.05.RESULTS: Of a total of 5,688 malaria cases from 731 counties, there were 55 (1 %) indigenous cases (only in Type 1 and Type 2 counties) and 5,633 (99 %) imported cases from all types of counties. There was no delay in reporting malaria cases by type of county. In terms of case investigation, 97.5 % cases were investigated within 3 days with the proportion of delays (1.5 %) in type 2 counties, being significantly lower than type 1 counties (4.1 %). Regarding active foci, 96.4 % were treated by RACD and/or IRS.CONCLUSIONS: The performance of 1-3-7 strategy was encouraging but identified some challenges that if addressed can further improve implementation.
AB - BACKGROUND: The China's 1-3-7 strategy was initiated and extensively adopted in different types of counties (geographic regions) for reporting of malaria cases within 1 day, their confirmation and investigation within 3 days, and the appropriate public health response to prevent further transmission within 7 days. Assessing the level of compliance to the 1-3-7 strategy at the county level is a first step towards determining whether the surveillance and response strategy is happening according to plan. This study assessed if the time-bound targets of the 1-3-7 strategy were being sustained over time. Such information would be useful to improve implementation of the 1-3-7 strategy in China.METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved country-wide programmatic data for the period January 1st 2013 to June 30th 2014. Data variables were extracted from the national malaria information system and included socio-demographic information, type of county, date of diagnosis, date of reporting, date of case investigation, case classification (indigenous, or imported, or unknown), focus investigation, date of reactive case detection (RACD), and date of indoor residual spraying (IRS). Summary statistics and proportions were used and comparisons between groups were assessed using the chi-square test. Level of significance was set at a P-value ≤ 0.05.RESULTS: Of a total of 5,688 malaria cases from 731 counties, there were 55 (1 %) indigenous cases (only in Type 1 and Type 2 counties) and 5,633 (99 %) imported cases from all types of counties. There was no delay in reporting malaria cases by type of county. In terms of case investigation, 97.5 % cases were investigated within 3 days with the proportion of delays (1.5 %) in type 2 counties, being significantly lower than type 1 counties (4.1 %). Regarding active foci, 96.4 % were treated by RACD and/or IRS.CONCLUSIONS: The performance of 1-3-7 strategy was encouraging but identified some challenges that if addressed can further improve implementation.
KW - China/epidemiology
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Disease Notification/methods
KW - Geography, Medical
KW - Humans
KW - Incidence
KW - Malaria/epidemiology
KW - Population Surveillance/methods
KW - Rural Population
KW - Time Factors
U2 - 10.1186/s40249-015-0089-2
DO - 10.1186/s40249-015-0089-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 26654106
SN - 2095-5162
VL - 4
SP - 55
JO - Infectious Diseases of Poverty
JF - Infectious Diseases of Poverty
ER -
