Cardiovascular risk factors among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Uganda

Joseph Baruch Baluku; Martin Nabwana; Joanitah Nalunjogi; Winters Muttamba; Ivan Mubangizi; Lydia Nakiyingi; Willy Ssengooba; Ronald Olum; Felix Bongomin; Irene Andia-Biraro; William Worodria

doi:10.1186/s12872-022-02889-y

Cardiovascular risk factors among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Uganda

Joseph Baruch Baluku^*, Martin Nabwana, Joanitah Nalunjogi, Winters Muttamba, Ivan Mubangizi, Lydia Nakiyingi, Willy Ssengooba, Ronald Olum, Felix Bongomin, Irene Andia-Biraro, William Worodria

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) and its risk factors are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We determined the prevalence and associations of CVD risk factors among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) in Uganda.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled people with microbiologically confirmed DRTB at four treatment sites in Uganda between July to December 2021. The studied CVD risk factors were any history of cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM) hypertension, high body mass index (BMI), central obesity and dyslipidaemia. We used modified Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to determine factors independently associated with each of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and central obesity.

Results

Among 212 participants, 118 (55.7%) had HIV. Overall, 196 (92.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 88.0-95.3) had ≥ 1 CVD risk factor. The prevalence; 95% CI of individual CVD risk factors was: dyslipidaemia (62.5%; 55.4–69.1), hypertension (40.6%; 33.8–47.9), central obesity (39.3%; 32.9–46.1), smoking (36.3%; 30.1–43.1), high BMI (8.0%; 5.0–12.8) and DM (6.5%; 3.7–11.1). Dyslipidaemia was associated with an increase in glycated haemoglobin (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.14, 95%CI 1.06–1.22). Hypertension was associated with rural residence (aPR 1.89, 95% CI 1.14–3.14) and previous history of smoking (aPR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–0.98). Central obesity was associated with increasing age (aPR 1.02, 95%CI 1.00–1.03), and elevated diastolic blood pressure (aPR 1.03 95%CI 1.00–1.06).

Conclusion

There is a high prevalence of CVD risk factors among people with DRTB in Uganda, of which dyslipidaemia is the commonest. We recommend integrated services for identification and management of CVD risk factors in DRTB.

Original language	English
Article number	464
Number of pages	10
Journal	BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Volume	22
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-022-02889-y
Publication status	Published - 4 Nov 2022

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Smoking
Diabetes
Hypertension
Lipids
TB
Cardiovascular
Cholesterol
Obesity
MDR TB

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@article{c7256c8007e04872b21574571bd72aa8,

title = "Cardiovascular risk factors among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Uganda",

abstract = "BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) and its risk factors are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We determined the prevalence and associations of CVD risk factors among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) in Uganda.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we enrolled people with microbiologically confirmed DRTB at four treatment sites in Uganda between July to December 2021. The studied CVD risk factors were any history of cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM) hypertension, high body mass index (BMI), central obesity and dyslipidaemia. We used modified Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to determine factors independently associated with each of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and central obesity.ResultsAmong 212 participants, 118 (55.7\%) had HIV. Overall, 196 (92.5\%, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 88.0-95.3) had ≥ 1 CVD risk factor. The prevalence; 95\% CI of individual CVD risk factors was: dyslipidaemia (62.5\%; 55.4–69.1), hypertension (40.6\%; 33.8–47.9), central obesity (39.3\%; 32.9–46.1), smoking (36.3\%; 30.1–43.1), high BMI (8.0\%; 5.0–12.8) and DM (6.5\%; 3.7–11.1). Dyslipidaemia was associated with an increase in glycated haemoglobin (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.14, 95\%CI 1.06–1.22). Hypertension was associated with rural residence (aPR 1.89, 95\% CI 1.14–3.14) and previous history of smoking (aPR 0.46, 95\% CI 0.21–0.98). Central obesity was associated with increasing age (aPR 1.02, 95\%CI 1.00–1.03), and elevated diastolic blood pressure (aPR 1.03 95\%CI 1.00–1.06).ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of CVD risk factors among people with DRTB in Uganda, of which dyslipidaemia is the commonest. We recommend integrated services for identification and management of CVD risk factors in DRTB.",

keywords = "Smoking, Diabetes, Hypertension, Lipids, TB, Cardiovascular, Cholesterol, Obesity, MDR TB",

author = "Baluku, \{Joseph Baruch\} and Martin Nabwana and Joanitah Nalunjogi and Winters Muttamba and Ivan Mubangizi and Lydia Nakiyingi and Willy Ssengooba and Ronald Olum and Felix Bongomin and Irene Andia-Biraro and William Worodria",

note = "Funding: This work was funded by the National Institute for Health Research through the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.",

year = "2022",

month = nov,

day = "4",

doi = "10.1186/s12872-022-02889-y",

language = "English",

volume = "22",

journal = "BMC Cardiovascular Disorders",

issn = "1471-2261",

publisher = "BioMed Central",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Cardiovascular risk factors among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Uganda

AU - Baluku, Joseph Baruch

AU - Nabwana, Martin

AU - Nalunjogi, Joanitah

AU - Muttamba, Winters

AU - Mubangizi, Ivan

AU - Nakiyingi, Lydia

AU - Ssengooba, Willy

AU - Olum, Ronald

AU - Bongomin, Felix

AU - Andia-Biraro, Irene

AU - Worodria, William

N1 - Funding: This work was funded by the National Institute for Health Research through the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

PY - 2022/11/4

Y1 - 2022/11/4

N2 - BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) and its risk factors are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We determined the prevalence and associations of CVD risk factors among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) in Uganda.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we enrolled people with microbiologically confirmed DRTB at four treatment sites in Uganda between July to December 2021. The studied CVD risk factors were any history of cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM) hypertension, high body mass index (BMI), central obesity and dyslipidaemia. We used modified Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to determine factors independently associated with each of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and central obesity.ResultsAmong 212 participants, 118 (55.7%) had HIV. Overall, 196 (92.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 88.0-95.3) had ≥ 1 CVD risk factor. The prevalence; 95% CI of individual CVD risk factors was: dyslipidaemia (62.5%; 55.4–69.1), hypertension (40.6%; 33.8–47.9), central obesity (39.3%; 32.9–46.1), smoking (36.3%; 30.1–43.1), high BMI (8.0%; 5.0–12.8) and DM (6.5%; 3.7–11.1). Dyslipidaemia was associated with an increase in glycated haemoglobin (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.14, 95%CI 1.06–1.22). Hypertension was associated with rural residence (aPR 1.89, 95% CI 1.14–3.14) and previous history of smoking (aPR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–0.98). Central obesity was associated with increasing age (aPR 1.02, 95%CI 1.00–1.03), and elevated diastolic blood pressure (aPR 1.03 95%CI 1.00–1.06).ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of CVD risk factors among people with DRTB in Uganda, of which dyslipidaemia is the commonest. We recommend integrated services for identification and management of CVD risk factors in DRTB.

AB - BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) and its risk factors are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We determined the prevalence and associations of CVD risk factors among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) in Uganda.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we enrolled people with microbiologically confirmed DRTB at four treatment sites in Uganda between July to December 2021. The studied CVD risk factors were any history of cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM) hypertension, high body mass index (BMI), central obesity and dyslipidaemia. We used modified Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to determine factors independently associated with each of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and central obesity.ResultsAmong 212 participants, 118 (55.7%) had HIV. Overall, 196 (92.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 88.0-95.3) had ≥ 1 CVD risk factor. The prevalence; 95% CI of individual CVD risk factors was: dyslipidaemia (62.5%; 55.4–69.1), hypertension (40.6%; 33.8–47.9), central obesity (39.3%; 32.9–46.1), smoking (36.3%; 30.1–43.1), high BMI (8.0%; 5.0–12.8) and DM (6.5%; 3.7–11.1). Dyslipidaemia was associated with an increase in glycated haemoglobin (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.14, 95%CI 1.06–1.22). Hypertension was associated with rural residence (aPR 1.89, 95% CI 1.14–3.14) and previous history of smoking (aPR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–0.98). Central obesity was associated with increasing age (aPR 1.02, 95%CI 1.00–1.03), and elevated diastolic blood pressure (aPR 1.03 95%CI 1.00–1.06).ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of CVD risk factors among people with DRTB in Uganda, of which dyslipidaemia is the commonest. We recommend integrated services for identification and management of CVD risk factors in DRTB.

KW - Smoking

KW - Diabetes

KW - Hypertension

KW - Lipids

KW - TB

KW - Cardiovascular

KW - Cholesterol

KW - Obesity

KW - MDR TB

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85141163474

U2 - 10.1186/s12872-022-02889-y

DO - 10.1186/s12872-022-02889-y

M3 - Article

SN - 1471-2261

VL - 22

JO - BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

JF - BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

M1 - 464

ER -

Cardiovascular risk factors among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Uganda

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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