Benefits of protected areas for nonbreeding waterbirds adjusting their distributions under climate warming

Elie Gaget; Diego Pavon-Jordan; Alison Johnston; Aleksi Lehikoinen; Wesley M. Hochachka; Brett K. Sandercock; Alaaeldin Soultan; Hichem Azafzaf; Nadjiba Bendjedda; Taulant Bino; Luka Bozic; Preben Clausen; Mohamed Dakki; Koen Devos; Cristi Domsa; Vitor Encarnacao; Kiraz Erciyas-Yavuz; Sandor Farago; Teresa Frost; Clemence Gaudard; Livia Gosztonyi; Fredrik Haas; Menno Hornman; Tom Langendoen; Christina Ieronymidou; Vasiliy A. Kostyushin; Lesley J. Lewis; Svein-Hakon Lorentsen; Leho Luigujoe; Wlodzimierz Meissner; Tibor Mikuska; Blas Molina; Zuzana Musilova; Viktor Natykanets; Jean-Yves Paquet; Nicky Petkov; Danae Portolou; Jozef Ridzon; Samir Sayoud; Marko Sciban; Laimonas Sniauksta; Antra Stipniece; Nicolas Strebel; Norbert Teufelbauer; Goran Topic; Danka Uzunova; Andrej Vizi; Johannes Wahl; Marco Zenatello; Jon E. Brommer

doi:10.1111/cobi.13648

Benefits of protected areas for nonbreeding waterbirds adjusting their distributions under climate warming

Elie Gaget^*, Diego Pavon-Jordan, Alison Johnston, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Wesley M. Hochachka, Brett K. Sandercock, Alaaeldin Soultan, Hichem Azafzaf, Nadjiba Bendjedda, Taulant Bino, Luka Bozic, Preben Clausen, Mohamed Dakki, Koen Devos, Cristi Domsa, Vitor Encarnacao, Kiraz Erciyas-Yavuz, Sandor Farago, Teresa Frost, Clemence GaudardLivia Gosztonyi, Fredrik Haas, Menno Hornman, Tom Langendoen, Christina Ieronymidou, Vasiliy A. Kostyushin, Lesley J. Lewis, Svein-Hakon Lorentsen, Leho Luigujoe, Wlodzimierz Meissner, Tibor Mikuska, Blas Molina, Zuzana Musilova, Viktor Natykanets, Jean-Yves Paquet, Nicky Petkov, Danae Portolou, Jozef Ridzon, Samir Sayoud, Marko Sciban, Laimonas Sniauksta, Antra Stipniece, Nicolas Strebel, Norbert Teufelbauer, Goran Topic, Danka Uzunova, Andrej Vizi, Johannes Wahl, Marco Zenatello, Jon E. Brommer

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Climate warming is driving changes in species distributions and community composition. Many species have a so-called climatic debt, that is, shifts in range lag behind shifts in temperature isoclines. Inside protected areas (PAs), community changes in response to climate warming can be facilitated by greater colonization rates by warm-dwelling species, but also mitigated by lowering extirpation rates of cold-dwelling species. An evaluation of the relative importance of colonization-extirpation processes is important to inform conservation strategies that aim for both climate debt reduction and species conservation. We assessed the colonization-extirpation dynamics involved in community changes in response to climate inside and outside PAs. To do so, we used 25 years of occurrence data of nonbreeding waterbirds in the western Palearctic (97 species, 7071 sites, 39 countries, 1993-2017). We used a community temperature index (CTI) framework based on species thermal affinities to investigate species turnover induced by temperature increase. We determined whether thermal community adjustment was associated with colonization by warm-dwelling species or extirpation of cold-dwelling species by modeling change in standard deviation of the CTI (CTI_SD). Using linear mixed-effects models, we investigated whether communities in PAs had lower climatic debt and different patterns of community change than communities outside PAs. For CTI and CTI_SD combined, communities inside PAs had more species, higher colonization, lower extirpation, and lower climatic debt (16%) than communities outside PAs. Thus, our results suggest that PAs facilitate 2 independent processes that shape community dynamics and maintain biodiversity. The community adjustment was, however, not sufficiently fast to keep pace with the large temperature increases in the central and northeastern western Palearctic. Our results underline the potential of combining CTI and CTI_SD metrics to improve understanding of the colonization-extirpation patterns driven by climate warming.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	834-845
Number of pages	12
Journal	Conservation Biology
Volume	35
Issue number	3
Early online date	21 Jan 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13648
Publication status	Published - 27 May 2021

Keywords

Colonization
Community adjustment
Community temperature index
Extinction
Range shift
Wetlands

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1111/cobi.13648Licence: CC BY

Gaget _2021_CB_Benefits-protected-areas_CC
Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Final published version, 3.06 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Gaget, E., Pavon-Jordan, D., Johnston, A., Lehikoinen, A., Hochachka, W. M., Sandercock, B. K., Soultan, A., Azafzaf, H., Bendjedda, N., Bino, T., Bozic, L., Clausen, P., Dakki, M., Devos, K., Domsa, C., Encarnacao, V., Erciyas-Yavuz, K., Farago, S., Frost, T., ... Brommer, J. E. (2021). Benefits of protected areas for nonbreeding waterbirds adjusting their distributions under climate warming. Conservation Biology, 35(3), 834-845. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13648

@article{b8239555e5a84832b4250e22ee77b095,

title = "Benefits of protected areas for nonbreeding waterbirds adjusting their distributions under climate warming",

abstract = "Climate warming is driving changes in species distributions and community composition. Many species have a so-called climatic debt, that is, shifts in range lag behind shifts in temperature isoclines. Inside protected areas (PAs), community changes in response to climate warming can be facilitated by greater colonization rates by warm-dwelling species, but also mitigated by lowering extirpation rates of cold-dwelling species. An evaluation of the relative importance of colonization-extirpation processes is important to inform conservation strategies that aim for both climate debt reduction and species conservation. We assessed the colonization-extirpation dynamics involved in community changes in response to climate inside and outside PAs. To do so, we used 25 years of occurrence data of nonbreeding waterbirds in the western Palearctic (97 species, 7071 sites, 39 countries, 1993-2017). We used a community temperature index (CTI) framework based on species thermal affinities to investigate species turnover induced by temperature increase. We determined whether thermal community adjustment was associated with colonization by warm-dwelling species or extirpation of cold-dwelling species by modeling change in standard deviation of the CTI (CTISD). Using linear mixed-effects models, we investigated whether communities in PAs had lower climatic debt and different patterns of community change than communities outside PAs. For CTI and CTISD combined, communities inside PAs had more species, higher colonization, lower extirpation, and lower climatic debt (16%) than communities outside PAs. Thus, our results suggest that PAs facilitate 2 independent processes that shape community dynamics and maintain biodiversity. The community adjustment was, however, not sufficiently fast to keep pace with the large temperature increases in the central and northeastern western Palearctic. Our results underline the potential of combining CTI and CTISD metrics to improve understanding of the colonization-extirpation patterns driven by climate warming.",

keywords = "Colonization, Community adjustment, Community temperature index, Extinction, Range shift, Wetlands",

author = "Elie Gaget and Diego Pavon-Jordan and Alison Johnston and Aleksi Lehikoinen and Hochachka, {Wesley M.} and Sandercock, {Brett K.} and Alaaeldin Soultan and Hichem Azafzaf and Nadjiba Bendjedda and Taulant Bino and Luka Bozic and Preben Clausen and Mohamed Dakki and Koen Devos and Cristi Domsa and Vitor Encarnacao and Kiraz Erciyas-Yavuz and Sandor Farago and Teresa Frost and Clemence Gaudard and Livia Gosztonyi and Fredrik Haas and Menno Hornman and Tom Langendoen and Christina Ieronymidou and Kostyushin, {Vasiliy A.} and Lewis, {Lesley J.} and Svein-Hakon Lorentsen and Leho Luigujoe and Wlodzimierz Meissner and Tibor Mikuska and Blas Molina and Zuzana Musilova and Viktor Natykanets and Jean-Yves Paquet and Nicky Petkov and Danae Portolou and Jozef Ridzon and Samir Sayoud and Marko Sciban and Laimonas Sniauksta and Antra Stipniece and Nicolas Strebel and Norbert Teufelbauer and Goran Topic and Danka Uzunova and Andrej Vizi and Johannes Wahl and Marco Zenatello and Brommer, {Jon E.}",

note = "Funding: This research was funded through the 2017–2018 Belmont Forum and BiodivERsA joint call for research proposals, under the BiodivScen ERA-Net COFUND program, with the following funding organizations: the Academy of Finland (Univ. Turku: 326327, Univ. Helsinki: 326338), the Swedish Research Council (Swedish Univ. Agric. Sci:2018–02440, Lund Univ.: 2018–02441), the Research Council of Norway (Norwegian Instit. for Nature Res.,295767), and the National Science Foundation (Cornell Univ., ICER-1927646), and we also acknowledge the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.",

year = "2021",

month = may,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1111/cobi.13648",

language = "English",

volume = "35",

pages = "834--845",

journal = "Conservation Biology",

issn = "0888-8892",

publisher = "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd",

number = "3",

}

Gaget, E, Pavon-Jordan, D, Johnston, A, Lehikoinen, A, Hochachka, WM, Sandercock, BK, Soultan, A, Azafzaf, H, Bendjedda, N, Bino, T, Bozic, L, Clausen, P, Dakki, M, Devos, K, Domsa, C, Encarnacao, V, Erciyas-Yavuz, K, Farago, S, Frost, T, Gaudard, C, Gosztonyi, L, Haas, F, Hornman, M, Langendoen, T, Ieronymidou, C, Kostyushin, VA, Lewis, LJ, Lorentsen, S-H, Luigujoe, L, Meissner, W, Mikuska, T, Molina, B, Musilova, Z, Natykanets, V, Paquet, J-Y, Petkov, N, Portolou, D, Ridzon, J, Sayoud, S, Sciban, M, Sniauksta, L, Stipniece, A, Strebel, N, Teufelbauer, N, Topic, G, Uzunova, D, Vizi, A, Wahl, J, Zenatello, M & Brommer, JE 2021, 'Benefits of protected areas for nonbreeding waterbirds adjusting their distributions under climate warming', Conservation Biology, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 834-845. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13648

TY - JOUR

T1 - Benefits of protected areas for nonbreeding waterbirds adjusting their distributions under climate warming

AU - Gaget, Elie

AU - Pavon-Jordan, Diego

AU - Johnston, Alison

AU - Lehikoinen, Aleksi

AU - Hochachka, Wesley M.

AU - Sandercock, Brett K.

AU - Soultan, Alaaeldin

AU - Azafzaf, Hichem

AU - Bendjedda, Nadjiba

AU - Bino, Taulant

AU - Bozic, Luka

AU - Clausen, Preben

AU - Dakki, Mohamed

AU - Devos, Koen

AU - Domsa, Cristi

AU - Encarnacao, Vitor

AU - Erciyas-Yavuz, Kiraz

AU - Farago, Sandor

AU - Frost, Teresa

AU - Gaudard, Clemence

AU - Gosztonyi, Livia

AU - Haas, Fredrik

AU - Hornman, Menno

AU - Langendoen, Tom

AU - Ieronymidou, Christina

AU - Kostyushin, Vasiliy A.

AU - Lewis, Lesley J.

AU - Lorentsen, Svein-Hakon

AU - Luigujoe, Leho

AU - Meissner, Wlodzimierz

AU - Mikuska, Tibor

AU - Molina, Blas

AU - Musilova, Zuzana

AU - Natykanets, Viktor

AU - Paquet, Jean-Yves

AU - Petkov, Nicky

AU - Portolou, Danae

AU - Ridzon, Jozef

AU - Sayoud, Samir

AU - Sciban, Marko

AU - Sniauksta, Laimonas

AU - Stipniece, Antra

AU - Strebel, Nicolas

AU - Teufelbauer, Norbert

AU - Topic, Goran

AU - Uzunova, Danka

AU - Vizi, Andrej

AU - Wahl, Johannes

AU - Zenatello, Marco

AU - Brommer, Jon E.

N1 - Funding: This research was funded through the 2017–2018 Belmont Forum and BiodivERsA joint call for research proposals, under the BiodivScen ERA-Net COFUND program, with the following funding organizations: the Academy of Finland (Univ. Turku: 326327, Univ. Helsinki: 326338), the Swedish Research Council (Swedish Univ. Agric. Sci:2018–02440, Lund Univ.: 2018–02441), the Research Council of Norway (Norwegian Instit. for Nature Res.,295767), and the National Science Foundation (Cornell Univ., ICER-1927646), and we also acknowledge the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.

PY - 2021/5/27

Y1 - 2021/5/27

N2 - Climate warming is driving changes in species distributions and community composition. Many species have a so-called climatic debt, that is, shifts in range lag behind shifts in temperature isoclines. Inside protected areas (PAs), community changes in response to climate warming can be facilitated by greater colonization rates by warm-dwelling species, but also mitigated by lowering extirpation rates of cold-dwelling species. An evaluation of the relative importance of colonization-extirpation processes is important to inform conservation strategies that aim for both climate debt reduction and species conservation. We assessed the colonization-extirpation dynamics involved in community changes in response to climate inside and outside PAs. To do so, we used 25 years of occurrence data of nonbreeding waterbirds in the western Palearctic (97 species, 7071 sites, 39 countries, 1993-2017). We used a community temperature index (CTI) framework based on species thermal affinities to investigate species turnover induced by temperature increase. We determined whether thermal community adjustment was associated with colonization by warm-dwelling species or extirpation of cold-dwelling species by modeling change in standard deviation of the CTI (CTISD). Using linear mixed-effects models, we investigated whether communities in PAs had lower climatic debt and different patterns of community change than communities outside PAs. For CTI and CTISD combined, communities inside PAs had more species, higher colonization, lower extirpation, and lower climatic debt (16%) than communities outside PAs. Thus, our results suggest that PAs facilitate 2 independent processes that shape community dynamics and maintain biodiversity. The community adjustment was, however, not sufficiently fast to keep pace with the large temperature increases in the central and northeastern western Palearctic. Our results underline the potential of combining CTI and CTISD metrics to improve understanding of the colonization-extirpation patterns driven by climate warming.

AB - Climate warming is driving changes in species distributions and community composition. Many species have a so-called climatic debt, that is, shifts in range lag behind shifts in temperature isoclines. Inside protected areas (PAs), community changes in response to climate warming can be facilitated by greater colonization rates by warm-dwelling species, but also mitigated by lowering extirpation rates of cold-dwelling species. An evaluation of the relative importance of colonization-extirpation processes is important to inform conservation strategies that aim for both climate debt reduction and species conservation. We assessed the colonization-extirpation dynamics involved in community changes in response to climate inside and outside PAs. To do so, we used 25 years of occurrence data of nonbreeding waterbirds in the western Palearctic (97 species, 7071 sites, 39 countries, 1993-2017). We used a community temperature index (CTI) framework based on species thermal affinities to investigate species turnover induced by temperature increase. We determined whether thermal community adjustment was associated with colonization by warm-dwelling species or extirpation of cold-dwelling species by modeling change in standard deviation of the CTI (CTISD). Using linear mixed-effects models, we investigated whether communities in PAs had lower climatic debt and different patterns of community change than communities outside PAs. For CTI and CTISD combined, communities inside PAs had more species, higher colonization, lower extirpation, and lower climatic debt (16%) than communities outside PAs. Thus, our results suggest that PAs facilitate 2 independent processes that shape community dynamics and maintain biodiversity. The community adjustment was, however, not sufficiently fast to keep pace with the large temperature increases in the central and northeastern western Palearctic. Our results underline the potential of combining CTI and CTISD metrics to improve understanding of the colonization-extirpation patterns driven by climate warming.

KW - Colonization

KW - Community adjustment

KW - Community temperature index

KW - Extinction

KW - Range shift

KW - Wetlands

U2 - 10.1111/cobi.13648

DO - 10.1111/cobi.13648

M3 - Article

SN - 0888-8892

VL - 35

SP - 834

EP - 845

JO - Conservation Biology

JF - Conservation Biology

IS - 3

ER -

Benefits of protected areas for nonbreeding waterbirds adjusting their distributions under climate warming

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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