Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom

J. E. Wollenburg; C. Katlein; G. Nehrke; E. M. Nöthig; J. Matthiessen; D. A. Wolf-Gladrow; A. Nikolopoulos; F. Gázquez-Sanchez; L. Rossmann; P. Assmy; M. Babin; F. Bruyant; M. Beaulieu; C. Dybwad; I. Peeken

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26016-0

Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom

J. E. Wollenburg^*, C. Katlein, G. Nehrke, E. M. Nöthig, J. Matthiessen, D. A. Wolf-Gladrow, A. Nikolopoulos, F. Gázquez-Sanchez, L. Rossmann, P. Assmy, M. Babin, F. Bruyant, M. Beaulieu, C. Dybwad, I. Peeken

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Earth & Environmental Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Mineral ballasting enhances carbon export from the surface to the deep ocean; however, little is known about the role of this process in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. Here, we propose gypsum ballasting as a new mechanism that likely facilitated enhanced vertical carbon export from an under-ice phytoplankton bloom dominated by the haptophyte Phaeocystis. In the spring 2015 abundant gypsum crystals embedded in Phaeocystis aggregates were collected throughout the water column and on the sea floor at a depth below 2 km. Model predictions supported by isotopic signatures indicate that 2.7 g m^-2 gypsum crystals were formed in sea ice at temperatures below -6.5 °C and released into the water column during sea ice melting. Our finding indicates that sea ice derived (cryogenic) gypsum is stable enough to survive export to the deep ocean and serves as an effective ballast mineral. Our findings also suggest a potentially important and previously unknown role of Phaeocystis in deep carbon export due to cryogenic gypsum ballasting. The rapidly changing Arctic sea ice regime might favour this gypsum gravity chute with potential consequences for carbon export and food partitioning between pelagic and benthic ecosystems.

Original language	English
Article number	7703
Number of pages	9
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26016-0
Publication status	Published - 11 May 2018

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Wollenburg, J. E., Katlein, C., Nehrke, G., Nöthig, E. M., Matthiessen, J., Wolf-Gladrow, D. A., Nikolopoulos, A., Gázquez-Sanchez, F., Rossmann, L., Assmy, P., Babin, M., Bruyant, F., Beaulieu, M., Dybwad, C., & Peeken, I. (2018). Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom. Scientific Reports, 8, Article 7703. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26016-0

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title = "Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom",

abstract = "Mineral ballasting enhances carbon export from the surface to the deep ocean; however, little is known about the role of this process in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. Here, we propose gypsum ballasting as a new mechanism that likely facilitated enhanced vertical carbon export from an under-ice phytoplankton bloom dominated by the haptophyte Phaeocystis. In the spring 2015 abundant gypsum crystals embedded in Phaeocystis aggregates were collected throughout the water column and on the sea floor at a depth below 2 km. Model predictions supported by isotopic signatures indicate that 2.7 g m-2 gypsum crystals were formed in sea ice at temperatures below -6.5 °C and released into the water column during sea ice melting. Our finding indicates that sea ice derived (cryogenic) gypsum is stable enough to survive export to the deep ocean and serves as an effective ballast mineral. Our findings also suggest a potentially important and previously unknown role of Phaeocystis in deep carbon export due to cryogenic gypsum ballasting. The rapidly changing Arctic sea ice regime might favour this gypsum gravity chute with potential consequences for carbon export and food partitioning between pelagic and benthic ecosystems.",

author = "Wollenburg, {J. E.} and C. Katlein and G. Nehrke and N{\"o}thig, {E. M.} and J. Matthiessen and Wolf-Gladrow, {D. A.} and A. Nikolopoulos and F. G{\'a}zquez-Sanchez and L. Rossmann and P. Assmy and M. Babin and F. Bruyant and M. Beaulieu and C. Dybwad and I. Peeken",

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Wollenburg, JE, Katlein, C, Nehrke, G, Nöthig, EM, Matthiessen, J, Wolf-Gladrow, DA, Nikolopoulos, A, Gázquez-Sanchez, F, Rossmann, L, Assmy, P, Babin, M, Bruyant, F, Beaulieu, M, Dybwad, C & Peeken, I 2018, 'Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom', Scientific Reports, vol. 8, 7703. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26016-0

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom

AU - Wollenburg, J. E.

AU - Katlein, C.

AU - Nehrke, G.

AU - Nöthig, E. M.

AU - Matthiessen, J.

AU - Wolf-Gladrow, D. A.

AU - Nikolopoulos, A.

AU - Gázquez-Sanchez, F.

AU - Rossmann, L.

AU - Assmy, P.

AU - Babin, M.

AU - Bruyant, F.

AU - Beaulieu, M.

AU - Dybwad, C.

AU - Peeken, I.

PY - 2018/5/11

Y1 - 2018/5/11

N2 - Mineral ballasting enhances carbon export from the surface to the deep ocean; however, little is known about the role of this process in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. Here, we propose gypsum ballasting as a new mechanism that likely facilitated enhanced vertical carbon export from an under-ice phytoplankton bloom dominated by the haptophyte Phaeocystis. In the spring 2015 abundant gypsum crystals embedded in Phaeocystis aggregates were collected throughout the water column and on the sea floor at a depth below 2 km. Model predictions supported by isotopic signatures indicate that 2.7 g m-2 gypsum crystals were formed in sea ice at temperatures below -6.5 °C and released into the water column during sea ice melting. Our finding indicates that sea ice derived (cryogenic) gypsum is stable enough to survive export to the deep ocean and serves as an effective ballast mineral. Our findings also suggest a potentially important and previously unknown role of Phaeocystis in deep carbon export due to cryogenic gypsum ballasting. The rapidly changing Arctic sea ice regime might favour this gypsum gravity chute with potential consequences for carbon export and food partitioning between pelagic and benthic ecosystems.

AB - Mineral ballasting enhances carbon export from the surface to the deep ocean; however, little is known about the role of this process in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. Here, we propose gypsum ballasting as a new mechanism that likely facilitated enhanced vertical carbon export from an under-ice phytoplankton bloom dominated by the haptophyte Phaeocystis. In the spring 2015 abundant gypsum crystals embedded in Phaeocystis aggregates were collected throughout the water column and on the sea floor at a depth below 2 km. Model predictions supported by isotopic signatures indicate that 2.7 g m-2 gypsum crystals were formed in sea ice at temperatures below -6.5 °C and released into the water column during sea ice melting. Our finding indicates that sea ice derived (cryogenic) gypsum is stable enough to survive export to the deep ocean and serves as an effective ballast mineral. Our findings also suggest a potentially important and previously unknown role of Phaeocystis in deep carbon export due to cryogenic gypsum ballasting. The rapidly changing Arctic sea ice regime might favour this gypsum gravity chute with potential consequences for carbon export and food partitioning between pelagic and benthic ecosystems.

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DO - 10.1038/s41598-018-26016-0

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85047148229

SN - 2045-2322

VL - 8

JO - Scientific Reports

JF - Scientific Reports

M1 - 7703

ER -

Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom

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