Asking for More: Finding Utopia in the Critical Sociology of the Budapest School and the Praxis Movement

This chapter proposes a closer look to the dynamic of Marxist thought in political contexts where Marxism-Leninism as the regimes "official philosophy" provided plenty of room for a Marxist critique of the regime itself. In both the Budapest School of Critical Sociology and the in the Yugoslav Praxis Movement a group of philosophers and social theorists come to initiate a "heretical" movement directed against what they regard as a betrayal of the original meaning of Communism. From their point of view, the problem with the regimes was not that they were too socialist, but -- on the contrary -- that they were not socialist enough, not truly socialist.