An investigation of the energy levels within a common perovskite solar cell device and a comparison of DC/AC surface photovoltage spectroscopy Kelvin Probe measurements of different MAPBI3 perovskite solar cell device structures

Susanna E. Challinger; Iain D. Baikie; Jonathon R. Harwell; Graham A. Turnbull; Ifor D.W. Samuel

doi:10.1557/adv.2017.72

An investigation of the energy levels within a common perovskite solar cell device and a comparison of DC/AC surface photovoltage spectroscopy Kelvin Probe measurements of different MAPBI₃ perovskite solar cell device structures

Susanna E. Challinger, Iain D. Baikie, Jonathon R. Harwell, Graham A. Turnbull, Ifor D.W. Samuel

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present a study of the energy levels in a FTO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Spiro solar cell device. The measurements are performed using a novel ambient pressure photoemission (APS) technique alongside Contact Potential Difference data from a Kelvin Probe. The Perovskite Solar Cell energy band diagram is demonstrated for the device in dark conditions and under illumination from a 150W Quartz Tungsten Halogen lamp. This approach provides useful information on the interaction between the different materials in this solar cell device. Additionally, non-destructive macroscopic DC and AC Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy (SPS) studies are demonstrated of different MAPBI₃ device structures to give an indication of overall device performance. AC-SPS measurements, previously used on traditional semiconductors to study the mobility, are used in this case to characterise the ability of a perovskite solar cell device to respond rapidly to chopped light. Two different device structures studied showed very different characteristics: Sample A (without TiO₂): (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polyTPD/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/PCBM) had ∼4 times the magnitude of AC-SPS response compared to Sample B (including TiO₂): (ITO/TiO₂/ CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Spiro). This demonstrates that the carrier speed characteristics of device architecture A is superior to device architecture B. The TiO₂ layer has been associated with carrier trapping which is illustrated in this example. However, the DC-SPV performance of sample B is ∼5 times greater than that of sample A. The band gap of the MAPBI3 layer was determined through DC-SPS (1.57 ± 0.07 eV), Voc of the devices measured and qualitative observations made of interface trapping by DC light pulsing. The combination of these (APS, KP, AC/DC-SPV/SPS) techniques offers a more general method for measuring the energy level alignments and performance of Organic and Hybrid Solar Cell Devices.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1195-1201
Number of pages	7
Journal	MRS Advances
Volume	2
Issue number	21-22
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.72
Publication status	Published - 27 Jan 2017

Keywords

Electronic structure
Organic
Organometallic

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Challinger, S. E., Baikie, I. D., Harwell, J. R., Turnbull, G. A., & Samuel, I. D. W. (2017). An investigation of the energy levels within a common perovskite solar cell device and a comparison of DC/AC surface photovoltage spectroscopy Kelvin Probe measurements of different MAPBI₃ perovskite solar cell device structures. MRS Advances, 2(21-22), 1195-1201. https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.72

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title = "An investigation of the energy levels within a common perovskite solar cell device and a comparison of DC/AC surface photovoltage spectroscopy Kelvin Probe measurements of different MAPBI3 perovskite solar cell device structures",

abstract = "We present a study of the energy levels in a FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro solar cell device. The measurements are performed using a novel ambient pressure photoemission (APS) technique alongside Contact Potential Difference data from a Kelvin Probe. The Perovskite Solar Cell energy band diagram is demonstrated for the device in dark conditions and under illumination from a 150W Quartz Tungsten Halogen lamp. This approach provides useful information on the interaction between the different materials in this solar cell device. Additionally, non-destructive macroscopic DC and AC Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy (SPS) studies are demonstrated of different MAPBI3 device structures to give an indication of overall device performance. AC-SPS measurements, previously used on traditional semiconductors to study the mobility, are used in this case to characterise the ability of a perovskite solar cell device to respond rapidly to chopped light. Two different device structures studied showed very different characteristics: Sample A (without TiO2): (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polyTPD/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM) had ∼4 times the magnitude of AC-SPS response compared to Sample B (including TiO2): (ITO/TiO2/ CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro). This demonstrates that the carrier speed characteristics of device architecture A is superior to device architecture B. The TiO2 layer has been associated with carrier trapping which is illustrated in this example. However, the DC-SPV performance of sample B is ∼5 times greater than that of sample A. The band gap of the MAPBI3 layer was determined through DC-SPS (1.57 ± 0.07 eV), Voc of the devices measured and qualitative observations made of interface trapping by DC light pulsing. The combination of these (APS, KP, AC/DC-SPV/SPS) techniques offers a more general method for measuring the energy level alignments and performance of Organic and Hybrid Solar Cell Devices.",

keywords = "Electronic structure, Organic, Organometallic",

author = "Challinger, {Susanna E.} and Baikie, {Iain D.} and Harwell, {Jonathon R.} and Turnbull, {Graham A.} and Samuel, {Ifor D.W.}",

year = "2017",

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Challinger, SE, Baikie, ID, Harwell, JR, Turnbull, GA & Samuel, IDW 2017, 'An investigation of the energy levels within a common perovskite solar cell device and a comparison of DC/AC surface photovoltage spectroscopy Kelvin Probe measurements of different MAPBI₃ perovskite solar cell device structures', MRS Advances, vol. 2, no. 21-22, pp. 1195-1201. https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.72

An investigation of the energy levels within a common perovskite solar cell device and a comparison of DC/AC surface photovoltage spectroscopy Kelvin Probe measurements of different MAPBI₃ perovskite solar cell device structures. / Challinger, Susanna E.; Baikie, Iain D.; Harwell, Jonathon R. et al.
In: MRS Advances, Vol. 2, No. 21-22, 27.01.2017, p. 1195-1201.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - An investigation of the energy levels within a common perovskite solar cell device and a comparison of DC/AC surface photovoltage spectroscopy Kelvin Probe measurements of different MAPBI3 perovskite solar cell device structures

AU - Challinger, Susanna E.

AU - Baikie, Iain D.

AU - Harwell, Jonathon R.

AU - Turnbull, Graham A.

AU - Samuel, Ifor D.W.

PY - 2017/1/27

Y1 - 2017/1/27

N2 - We present a study of the energy levels in a FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro solar cell device. The measurements are performed using a novel ambient pressure photoemission (APS) technique alongside Contact Potential Difference data from a Kelvin Probe. The Perovskite Solar Cell energy band diagram is demonstrated for the device in dark conditions and under illumination from a 150W Quartz Tungsten Halogen lamp. This approach provides useful information on the interaction between the different materials in this solar cell device. Additionally, non-destructive macroscopic DC and AC Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy (SPS) studies are demonstrated of different MAPBI3 device structures to give an indication of overall device performance. AC-SPS measurements, previously used on traditional semiconductors to study the mobility, are used in this case to characterise the ability of a perovskite solar cell device to respond rapidly to chopped light. Two different device structures studied showed very different characteristics: Sample A (without TiO2): (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polyTPD/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM) had ∼4 times the magnitude of AC-SPS response compared to Sample B (including TiO2): (ITO/TiO2/ CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro). This demonstrates that the carrier speed characteristics of device architecture A is superior to device architecture B. The TiO2 layer has been associated with carrier trapping which is illustrated in this example. However, the DC-SPV performance of sample B is ∼5 times greater than that of sample A. The band gap of the MAPBI3 layer was determined through DC-SPS (1.57 ± 0.07 eV), Voc of the devices measured and qualitative observations made of interface trapping by DC light pulsing. The combination of these (APS, KP, AC/DC-SPV/SPS) techniques offers a more general method for measuring the energy level alignments and performance of Organic and Hybrid Solar Cell Devices.

AB - We present a study of the energy levels in a FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro solar cell device. The measurements are performed using a novel ambient pressure photoemission (APS) technique alongside Contact Potential Difference data from a Kelvin Probe. The Perovskite Solar Cell energy band diagram is demonstrated for the device in dark conditions and under illumination from a 150W Quartz Tungsten Halogen lamp. This approach provides useful information on the interaction between the different materials in this solar cell device. Additionally, non-destructive macroscopic DC and AC Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy (SPS) studies are demonstrated of different MAPBI3 device structures to give an indication of overall device performance. AC-SPS measurements, previously used on traditional semiconductors to study the mobility, are used in this case to characterise the ability of a perovskite solar cell device to respond rapidly to chopped light. Two different device structures studied showed very different characteristics: Sample A (without TiO2): (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polyTPD/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM) had ∼4 times the magnitude of AC-SPS response compared to Sample B (including TiO2): (ITO/TiO2/ CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro). This demonstrates that the carrier speed characteristics of device architecture A is superior to device architecture B. The TiO2 layer has been associated with carrier trapping which is illustrated in this example. However, the DC-SPV performance of sample B is ∼5 times greater than that of sample A. The band gap of the MAPBI3 layer was determined through DC-SPS (1.57 ± 0.07 eV), Voc of the devices measured and qualitative observations made of interface trapping by DC light pulsing. The combination of these (APS, KP, AC/DC-SPV/SPS) techniques offers a more general method for measuring the energy level alignments and performance of Organic and Hybrid Solar Cell Devices.

KW - Electronic structure

KW - Organic

KW - Organometallic

U2 - 10.1557/adv.2017.72

DO - 10.1557/adv.2017.72

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85040101650

SN - 2731-5894

VL - 2

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EP - 1201

JO - MRS Advances

JF - MRS Advances

IS - 21-22

ER -