TY - JOUR
T1 - Accurate determination of hole sizes in photonic crystal slabs using an optical measurement
AU - Beggs, Daryl M.
AU - O'Faolain, Liam
AU - Krauss, Thomas F.
PY - 2009/5/8
Y1 - 2009/5/8
N2 - Control and repeatability in fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) slabs will become increasingly important as the technology matures into real device applications. A related problem is the determination of hole sizes in final etched devices. We have developed ail optical method of measuring the hole size in PhC slabs as ail alternative to the inspection of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The optical method relies on W1 PhC waveguides by patterning and fabricating reference W1 waveguides, the cut-off frequency of the waveguiding defect state can be measured and compared to calculations of this frequency as a function of hole size. Such calculations are relatively straightforward, and such in-situ transmission measurements are relatively cheap and fast. We show that the typical error in the measurement of hole radius is approximately 2%, or just 2-3 nm, and that this error is dominated by the uncertainty in the silicon slab thickness. Such performance is a significant improvement on current methods, which rely oil the inspection via SEM. Not only is this slow and expensive, but there can be a large systematic error involved in the measurement. Different detectors, and even different settings of the same detector, will provide different contrasts between a hole and its edge, leading to different apparent hole sizes. Such errors in the absolute hole size can be of the order of 10 nm, which is as much as 5-10% for a PhC. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
AB - Control and repeatability in fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) slabs will become increasingly important as the technology matures into real device applications. A related problem is the determination of hole sizes in final etched devices. We have developed ail optical method of measuring the hole size in PhC slabs as ail alternative to the inspection of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The optical method relies on W1 PhC waveguides by patterning and fabricating reference W1 waveguides, the cut-off frequency of the waveguiding defect state can be measured and compared to calculations of this frequency as a function of hole size. Such calculations are relatively straightforward, and such in-situ transmission measurements are relatively cheap and fast. We show that the typical error in the measurement of hole radius is approximately 2%, or just 2-3 nm, and that this error is dominated by the uncertainty in the silicon slab thickness. Such performance is a significant improvement on current methods, which rely oil the inspection via SEM. Not only is this slow and expensive, but there can be a large systematic error involved in the measurement. Different detectors, and even different settings of the same detector, will provide different contrasts between a hole and its edge, leading to different apparent hole sizes. Such errors in the absolute hole size can be of the order of 10 nm, which is as much as 5-10% for a PhC. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW - Light
KW - W1 photonic crystal waveguide
KW - Photonic band gap
KW - WAVE-GUIDE BENDS
KW - SLOW LIGHT
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67349230651&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.physe.2008.08.035
DO - 10.1016/j.physe.2008.08.035
M3 - Article
SN - 1386-9477
VL - 41
SP - 1115
EP - 1117
JO - Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures
JF - Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures
IS - 6
ER -