A survey for variable young stars with small telescopes – IV. Rotation periods of YSOs in IC 5070

Dirk Froebrich; Efthymia Derezea; Aleks Scholz; Jochen Eislöffel; Siegfried Vanaverbeke; Alfred Kume; Carys Herbert; Justyn Campbell-White; Niall Miller; Bringfried Stecklum; Sally V Makin; Thomas Urtly; Francisco C Soldán Alfaro; Erik Schwendeman; Geoffrey Stone; Mark Phillips; George Fleming; Rafael Gonzalez Farfán; Tonny Vanmunster; Michael A Heald; Esteban Fernández Mañanes; Tim Nelson; Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein; Franky Dubois; Ludwig Logie; Steve Rau; Klaas Wiersema; Nick Quinn; Diego Rodriguez; Rafael Castillo García; Thomas Killestein; Tony Vale; Domenico Licchelli; Marc Deldem; Georg Piehler; Dawid Moździerski; Krzysztof Kotysz; Katarzyna Kowalska; Przemysław Mikołajczyk; Stephen R L Futcher; Timothy P Long; Mario Morales Aimar; Barry Merrikin; Stephen Johnstone; Pavol A Dubovský; Igor Kudzej; Roger Pickard; Samuel J Billington; Lord Dover; Tarik Zegmott; Jack J Evitts; Alejandra Traspas Munia; Mark C Price

doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2082

A survey for variable young stars with small telescopes – IV. Rotation periods of YSOs in IC 5070

Dirk Froebrich^*, Efthymia Derezea, Aleks Scholz, Jochen Eislöffel, Siegfried Vanaverbeke, Alfred Kume, Carys Herbert, Justyn Campbell-White, Niall Miller, Bringfried Stecklum, Sally V Makin, Thomas Urtly, Francisco C Soldán Alfaro, Erik Schwendeman, Geoffrey Stone, Mark Phillips, George Fleming, Rafael Gonzalez Farfán, Tonny Vanmunster, Michael A HealdEsteban Fernández Mañanes, Tim Nelson, Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein, Franky Dubois, Ludwig Logie, Steve Rau, Klaas Wiersema, Nick Quinn, Diego Rodriguez, Rafael Castillo García, Thomas Killestein, Tony Vale, Domenico Licchelli, Marc Deldem, Georg Piehler, Dawid Moździerski, Krzysztof Kotysz, Katarzyna Kowalska, Przemysław Mikołajczyk, Stephen R L Futcher, Timothy P Long, Mario Morales Aimar, Barry Merrikin, Stephen Johnstone, Pavol A Dubovský, Igor Kudzej, Roger Pickard, Samuel J Billington, Lord Dover, Tarik Zegmott, Jack J Evitts, Alejandra Traspas Munia, Mark C Price

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Studying rotational variability of young stars is enabling us to investigate a multitude of properties of young star-disc systems. We utilize high cadence, multiwavelength optical time series data from the Hunting Outbursting Young Stars citizen science project to identify periodic variables in the Pelican Nebula (IC 5070). A double blind study using nine different period-finding algorithms was conducted and a sample of 59 periodic variables was identified. We find that a combination of four period finding algorithms can achieve a completeness of 85 per cent and a contamination of 30 per cent in identifying periods in inhomogeneous data sets. The best performing methods are periodograms that rely on fitting a sine curve. Utilizing Gaia EDR3 data, we have identified an unbiased sample of 40 periodic young stellar objects (YSOs), without using any colour or magnitude selections. With a 98.9 per cent probability, we can exclude a homogeneous YSO period distribution. Instead, we find a bi-modal distribution with peaks at 3 and 8 d. The sample has a disc fraction of 50 per cent, and its statistical properties are in agreement with other similarly aged YSOs populations. In particular, we confirm that the presence of the disc is linked to predominantly slow rotation and find a probability of 4.8 × 10⁻³ that the observed relation between period and presence of a disc has occurred by chance. In our sample of periodic variables, we also find pulsating giants, an eclipsing binary, and potential YSOs in the foreground of IC 5070.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5989-6000
Number of pages	12
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	506
Issue number	4
Early online date	21 Jul 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2082
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2021

Keywords

Stars: formation
Stars: pre-main-sequence
Stars: rotation
Stars: variables: T Tauri
Herbig Ae/Be

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10.1093/mnras/stab2082

Froebrich_2021_MNRAS_Survey-variable_VoR
Copyright 2021 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2082.
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Froebrich, D., Derezea, E., Scholz, A., Eislöffel, J., Vanaverbeke, S., Kume, A., Herbert, C., Campbell-White, J., Miller, N., Stecklum, B., Makin, S. V., Urtly, T., Soldán Alfaro, F. C., Schwendeman, E., Stone, G., Phillips, M., Fleming, G., Gonzalez Farfán, R., Vanmunster, T., ... Price, M. C. (2021). A survey for variable young stars with small telescopes – IV. Rotation periods of YSOs in IC 5070. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 506(4), 5989-6000. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2082

@article{6bf54f6981cd426392df6780f5ff3829,

title = "A survey for variable young stars with small telescopes – IV. Rotation periods of YSOs in IC 5070",

abstract = "Studying rotational variability of young stars is enabling us to investigate a multitude of properties of young star-disc systems. We utilize high cadence, multiwavelength optical time series data from the Hunting Outbursting Young Stars citizen science project to identify periodic variables in the Pelican Nebula (IC 5070). A double blind study using nine different period-finding algorithms was conducted and a sample of 59 periodic variables was identified. We find that a combination of four period finding algorithms can achieve a completeness of 85 per cent and a contamination of 30 per cent in identifying periods in inhomogeneous data sets. The best performing methods are periodograms that rely on fitting a sine curve. Utilizing Gaia EDR3 data, we have identified an unbiased sample of 40 periodic young stellar objects (YSOs), without using any colour or magnitude selections. With a 98.9 per cent probability, we can exclude a homogeneous YSO period distribution. Instead, we find a bi-modal distribution with peaks at 3 and 8 d. The sample has a disc fraction of 50 per cent, and its statistical properties are in agreement with other similarly aged YSOs populations. In particular, we confirm that the presence of the disc is linked to predominantly slow rotation and find a probability of 4.8 × 10−3 that the observed relation between period and presence of a disc has occurred by chance. In our sample of periodic variables, we also find pulsating giants, an eclipsing binary, and potential YSOs in the foreground of IC 5070.",

keywords = "Stars: formation, Stars: pre-main-sequence, Stars: rotation, Stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be",

author = "Dirk Froebrich and Efthymia Derezea and Aleks Scholz and Jochen Eisl{\"o}ffel and Siegfried Vanaverbeke and Alfred Kume and Carys Herbert and Justyn Campbell-White and Niall Miller and Bringfried Stecklum and Makin, {Sally V} and Thomas Urtly and Sold{\'a}n Alfaro, {Francisco C} and Erik Schwendeman and Geoffrey Stone and Mark Phillips and George Fleming and Rafael Gonzalez Farf{\'a}n and Tonny Vanmunster and Heald, {Michael A} and Esteban Fern{\'a}ndez Ma{\~n}anes and Tim Nelson and Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein and Franky Dubois and Ludwig Logie and Steve Rau and Klaas Wiersema and Nick Quinn and Diego Rodriguez and Rafael Castillo Garc{\'i}a and Thomas Killestein and Tony Vale and Domenico Licchelli and Marc Deldem and Georg Piehler and Dawid Mo{\'z}dzierski and Krzysztof Kotysz and Katarzyna Kowalska and Przemys{\l}aw Miko{\l}ajczyk and Futcher, {Stephen R L} and Long, {Timothy P} and Mario Morales Aimar and Barry Merrikin and Stephen Johnstone and Dubovsk{\'y}, {Pavol A} and Igor Kudzej and Roger Pickard and Billington, {Samuel J} and Lord Dover and Tarik Zegmott and Evitts, {Jack J} and Alejandra Traspas Munia and Price, {Mark C}",

note = "Funding: AS acknowledges support through STFC grant ST/R000824/1. JCW acknowledges support through STFC grant ST/S000399/1. This research was partially supported by the supercomputing infrastructure of the National Laboratory for High Performance Computing (NLHPC) (ECM-02).",

year = "2021",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stab2082",

language = "English",

volume = "506",

pages = "5989--6000",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "4",

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Froebrich, D, Derezea, E, Scholz, A, Eislöffel, J, Vanaverbeke, S, Kume, A, Herbert, C, Campbell-White, J, Miller, N, Stecklum, B, Makin, SV, Urtly, T, Soldán Alfaro, FC, Schwendeman, E, Stone, G, Phillips, M, Fleming, G, Gonzalez Farfán, R, Vanmunster, T, Heald, MA, Fernández Mañanes, E, Nelson, T, Eggenstein, H-B, Dubois, F, Logie, L, Rau, S, Wiersema, K, Quinn, N, Rodriguez, D, Castillo García, R, Killestein, T, Vale, T, Licchelli, D, Deldem, M, Piehler, G, Moździerski, D, Kotysz, K, Kowalska, K, Mikołajczyk, P, Futcher, SRL, Long, TP, Morales Aimar, M, Merrikin, B, Johnstone, S, Dubovský, PA, Kudzej, I, Pickard, R, Billington, SJ, Dover, L, Zegmott, T, Evitts, JJ, Traspas Munia, A & Price, MC 2021, 'A survey for variable young stars with small telescopes – IV. Rotation periods of YSOs in IC 5070', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 506, no. 4, pp. 5989-6000. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2082

TY - JOUR

T1 - A survey for variable young stars with small telescopes – IV. Rotation periods of YSOs in IC 5070

AU - Froebrich, Dirk

AU - Derezea, Efthymia

AU - Scholz, Aleks

AU - Eislöffel, Jochen

AU - Vanaverbeke, Siegfried

AU - Kume, Alfred

AU - Herbert, Carys

AU - Campbell-White, Justyn

AU - Miller, Niall

AU - Stecklum, Bringfried

AU - Makin, Sally V

AU - Urtly, Thomas

AU - Soldán Alfaro, Francisco C

AU - Schwendeman, Erik

AU - Stone, Geoffrey

AU - Phillips, Mark

AU - Fleming, George

AU - Gonzalez Farfán, Rafael

AU - Vanmunster, Tonny

AU - Heald, Michael A

AU - Fernández Mañanes, Esteban

AU - Nelson, Tim

AU - Eggenstein, Heinz-Bernd

AU - Dubois, Franky

AU - Logie, Ludwig

AU - Rau, Steve

AU - Wiersema, Klaas

AU - Quinn, Nick

AU - Rodriguez, Diego

AU - Castillo García, Rafael

AU - Killestein, Thomas

AU - Vale, Tony

AU - Licchelli, Domenico

AU - Deldem, Marc

AU - Piehler, Georg

AU - Moździerski, Dawid

AU - Kotysz, Krzysztof

AU - Kowalska, Katarzyna

AU - Mikołajczyk, Przemysław

AU - Futcher, Stephen R L

AU - Long, Timothy P

AU - Morales Aimar, Mario

AU - Merrikin, Barry

AU - Johnstone, Stephen

AU - Dubovský, Pavol A

AU - Kudzej, Igor

AU - Pickard, Roger

AU - Billington, Samuel J

AU - Dover, Lord

AU - Zegmott, Tarik

AU - Evitts, Jack J

AU - Traspas Munia, Alejandra

AU - Price, Mark C

N1 - Funding: AS acknowledges support through STFC grant ST/R000824/1. JCW acknowledges support through STFC grant ST/S000399/1. This research was partially supported by the supercomputing infrastructure of the National Laboratory for High Performance Computing (NLHPC) (ECM-02).

PY - 2021/10/1

Y1 - 2021/10/1

N2 - Studying rotational variability of young stars is enabling us to investigate a multitude of properties of young star-disc systems. We utilize high cadence, multiwavelength optical time series data from the Hunting Outbursting Young Stars citizen science project to identify periodic variables in the Pelican Nebula (IC 5070). A double blind study using nine different period-finding algorithms was conducted and a sample of 59 periodic variables was identified. We find that a combination of four period finding algorithms can achieve a completeness of 85 per cent and a contamination of 30 per cent in identifying periods in inhomogeneous data sets. The best performing methods are periodograms that rely on fitting a sine curve. Utilizing Gaia EDR3 data, we have identified an unbiased sample of 40 periodic young stellar objects (YSOs), without using any colour or magnitude selections. With a 98.9 per cent probability, we can exclude a homogeneous YSO period distribution. Instead, we find a bi-modal distribution with peaks at 3 and 8 d. The sample has a disc fraction of 50 per cent, and its statistical properties are in agreement with other similarly aged YSOs populations. In particular, we confirm that the presence of the disc is linked to predominantly slow rotation and find a probability of 4.8 × 10−3 that the observed relation between period and presence of a disc has occurred by chance. In our sample of periodic variables, we also find pulsating giants, an eclipsing binary, and potential YSOs in the foreground of IC 5070.

AB - Studying rotational variability of young stars is enabling us to investigate a multitude of properties of young star-disc systems. We utilize high cadence, multiwavelength optical time series data from the Hunting Outbursting Young Stars citizen science project to identify periodic variables in the Pelican Nebula (IC 5070). A double blind study using nine different period-finding algorithms was conducted and a sample of 59 periodic variables was identified. We find that a combination of four period finding algorithms can achieve a completeness of 85 per cent and a contamination of 30 per cent in identifying periods in inhomogeneous data sets. The best performing methods are periodograms that rely on fitting a sine curve. Utilizing Gaia EDR3 data, we have identified an unbiased sample of 40 periodic young stellar objects (YSOs), without using any colour or magnitude selections. With a 98.9 per cent probability, we can exclude a homogeneous YSO period distribution. Instead, we find a bi-modal distribution with peaks at 3 and 8 d. The sample has a disc fraction of 50 per cent, and its statistical properties are in agreement with other similarly aged YSOs populations. In particular, we confirm that the presence of the disc is linked to predominantly slow rotation and find a probability of 4.8 × 10−3 that the observed relation between period and presence of a disc has occurred by chance. In our sample of periodic variables, we also find pulsating giants, an eclipsing binary, and potential YSOs in the foreground of IC 5070.

KW - Stars: formation

KW - Stars: pre-main-sequence

KW - Stars: rotation

KW - Stars: variables: T Tauri

KW - Herbig Ae/Be

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stab2082

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stab2082

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 506

SP - 5989

EP - 6000

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

A survey for variable young stars with small telescopes – IV. Rotation periods of YSOs in IC 5070

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Keywords

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