A review on perovskite-type LaFeO₃ based electrodes for CO₂ reduction in solid oxide electrolysis cells: current understanding of structure-functional property relationships

Mixed ionic and electronic conductors (MIECs) are being studied extensively as a potential replacement for cermet catalysts in solid oxide cells (SOCs) - collectively named for solid oxide fuel cells and solid oxide electrolysis cells - due to their high activity, great stability, and low cost. Perovskite-type LaFeO3-based catalysts are one of the most promising electrodes for SOCs. This review paper provides an update on the chemical composition-crystal structure-physical property relationships and an understanding of the electrochemical reaction mechanisms in the perovskite-type structure LaFeO3 electrodes. Mechanisms for electrochemical CO2 reduction on the perovskite structure surface and oxygen diffusion are discussed. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance enhancement strategies such as composite electrodes and nanoparticles ex-solution are briefly presented together with industrialization issues, e.g., gas impurities and stability of the interconnecting materials.