A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780

Ryan Cloutier; Jason D. Eastman; Joseph E. Rodriguez; Nicola Astudillo-Defru; Xavier Bonfils; Annelies Mortier; Christopher A. Watson; Manu Stalport; Matteo Pinamonti; Florian Lienhard; Avet Harutyunyan; Mario Damasso; David W. Latham; Karen A. Collins; Robert Massey; Jonathan Irwin; Jennifer G. Winters; David Charbonneau; Carl Ziegler; Elisabeth Matthews; Ian J. M. Crossfield; Laura Kreidberg; Samuel N. Quinn; George Ricker; Roland Vanderspek; Sara Seager; Joshua Winn; Jon M. Jenkins; Michael Vezie; Stéphane Udry; Joseph D. Twicken; Peter Tenenbaum; Alessandro Sozzetti; Damien Ségransan; Joshua E. Schlieder; Dimitar Sasselov; Nuno C. Santos; Ken Rice; Benjamin V. Rackham; Ennio Poretti; Giampaolo Piotto; David Phillips; Francesco Pepe; Emilio Molinari; Lucile Mignon; Giuseppina Micela; Claudio Melo; José R. de Medeiros; Michel Mayor; Rachel A. Matson; Aldo F. Martinez Fiorenzano; Andrew W. Mann; Antonio Magazzú; Christophe Lovis; Mercedes López-Morales; Eric Lopez; Jack J. Lissauer; Sébastien Lépine; Nicholas Law; John F. Kielkopf; John A. Johnson; Eric L. N. Jensen; Steve B. Howell; Erica Gonzales; Adriano Ghedina; Thierry Forveille; Pedro Figueira; Xavier Dumusque; Courtney D. Dressing; René Doyon; Rodrigo F. Díaz; Luca Di Fabrizio; Xavier Delfosse; Rosario Cosentino; Dennis M. Conti; Kevin I. Collins; Andrew Collier Cameron; David Ciardi; Douglas A. Caldwell; Christopher Burke; Lars Buchhave; César Briceño; Patricia Boyd; François Bouchy; Charles Beichman; Étienne Artigau; Jose M. Almenara

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2

A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780

Ryan Cloutier, Jason D. Eastman, Joseph E. Rodriguez, Nicola Astudillo-Defru, Xavier Bonfils, Annelies Mortier, Christopher A. Watson, Manu Stalport, Matteo Pinamonti, Florian Lienhard, Avet Harutyunyan, Mario Damasso, David W. Latham, Karen A. Collins, Robert Massey, Jonathan Irwin, Jennifer G. Winters, David Charbonneau, Carl Ziegler, Elisabeth MatthewsIan J. M. Crossfield, Laura Kreidberg, Samuel N. Quinn, George Ricker, Roland Vanderspek, Sara Seager, Joshua Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, Michael Vezie, Stéphane Udry, Joseph D. Twicken, Peter Tenenbaum, Alessandro Sozzetti, Damien Ségransan, Joshua E. Schlieder, Dimitar Sasselov, Nuno C. Santos, Ken Rice, Benjamin V. Rackham, Ennio Poretti, Giampaolo Piotto, David Phillips, Francesco Pepe, Emilio Molinari, Lucile Mignon, Giuseppina Micela, Claudio Melo, José R. de Medeiros, Michel Mayor, Rachel A. Matson, Aldo F. Martinez Fiorenzano, Andrew W. Mann, Antonio Magazzú, Christophe Lovis, Mercedes López-Morales, Eric Lopez, Jack J. Lissauer, Sébastien Lépine, Nicholas Law, John F. Kielkopf, John A. Johnson, Eric L. N. Jensen, Steve B. Howell, Erica Gonzales, Adriano Ghedina, Thierry Forveille, Pedro Figueira, Xavier Dumusque, Courtney D. Dressing, René Doyon, Rodrigo F. Díaz, Luca Di Fabrizio, Xavier Delfosse, Rosario Cosentino, Dennis M. Conti, Kevin I. Collins, Andrew Collier Cameron, David Ciardi, Douglas A. Caldwell, Christopher Burke, Lars Buchhave, César Briceño, Patricia Boyd, François Bouchy, Charles Beichman, Étienne Artigau, Jose M. Almenara

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present the confirmation of two new planets transiting the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 (TIC 36724087, TOI-732, V = 13.07, K_s =8.204, R_s = 0.374 R⊙, M_s = 0.401 M⊙, d = 22 pc). The two planet candidates are identified in a single Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sector and validated with reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometric follow-up, and high-resolution imaging. With measured orbital periods of Pb = 0.77, Pc = 12.25 days and sizes r_p,b = 1.33 ± 0.07, r_p,c = 2.30 ±0.16 R⊕, the two planets span the radius valley in period-radius space around low-mass stars, thus making the system a laboratory to test competing theories of the emergence of the radius valley in that stellar mass regime. By combining 63 precise radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and HARPS-N, we measure planet masses of m_p,b = 2.62_-0.46^+0.48 and m_p,c = 8.6_-1.3^+1.6 M⊕, which indicates that LTT 3780b has a bulk composition consistent with being Earth-like, while LTT 3780c likely hosts an extended H/He envelope. We show that the recovered planetary masses are consistent with predictions from both photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models. The brightness and small size of LTT 3780, along with the measured planetary parameters, render LTT 3780b and c as accessible targets for atmospheric characterization of planets within the same planetary system and spanning the radius valley.

Original language	English
Article number	3
Number of pages	21
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	160
Issue number	1
Early online date	4 Jun 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2
Publication status	Published - Jul 2020

Keywords

Radial velocity
M dwarf stars
Exoplanet systems
Transit photometry

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10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2

Cloutier_2020_AJ_160_3
Copyright © 2020 American Astronomical Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2
Final published version, 2.09 MBLicence: CC BY

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020AJ....160....3C

Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021: Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021
Jardine, M. M. (PI), Bonnell, I. A. (CoI), Cameron, A. C. (CoI), Cyganowski, C. J. (CoI), Dominik, M. (CoI), Helling, C. (CoI), Horne, K. D. (CoI), Scholz, A. (CoI), Tojeiro, R. (CoI), Weijmans, A.-M. (CoI), Wild, V. (CoI), Woitke, P. (CoI), Wood, K. (CoI) & Zhao, H. (CoI)
1/04/18 → 31/03/22
Project: Standard
Support for the PLATO Development: Support for the PLATO Development Phase 2017-2022: Planet candidate ranking and validation
Cameron, A. C. (PI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council
1/08/17 → 31/12/22
Project: Standard

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Cloutier, R., Eastman, J. D., Rodriguez, J. E., Astudillo-Defru, N., Bonfils, X., Mortier, A., Watson, C. A., Stalport, M., Pinamonti, M., Lienhard, F., Harutyunyan, A., Damasso, M., Latham, D. W., Collins, K. A., Massey, R., Irwin, J., Winters, J. G., Charbonneau, D., Ziegler, C., ... Almenara, J. M. (2020). A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780. Astronomical Journal, 160(1), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2

@article{6239700ca2d34fcfb7e2445223a2e5f6,

title = "A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780",

abstract = "We present the confirmation of two new planets transiting the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 (TIC 36724087, TOI-732, V = 13.07, Ks =8.204, Rs = 0.374 R⊙, Ms = 0.401 M⊙, d = 22 pc). The two planet candidates are identified in a single Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sector and validated with reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometric follow-up, and high-resolution imaging. With measured orbital periods of Pb = 0.77, Pc = 12.25 days and sizes rp,b = 1.33 ± 0.07, rp,c = 2.30 ±0.16 R⊕, the two planets span the radius valley in period-radius space around low-mass stars, thus making the system a laboratory to test competing theories of the emergence of the radius valley in that stellar mass regime. By combining 63 precise radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and HARPS-N, we measure planet masses of mp,b = 2.62-0.46+0.48 and mp,c = 8.6-1.3+1.6 M⊕, which indicates that LTT 3780b has a bulk composition consistent with being Earth-like, while LTT 3780c likely hosts an extended H/He envelope. We show that the recovered planetary masses are consistent with predictions from both photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models. The brightness and small size of LTT 3780, along with the measured planetary parameters, render LTT 3780b and c as accessible targets for atmospheric characterization of planets within the same planetary system and spanning the radius valley.",

keywords = "Radial velocity, M dwarf stars, Exoplanet systems, Transit photometry",

author = "Ryan Cloutier and Eastman, {Jason D.} and Rodriguez, {Joseph E.} and Nicola Astudillo-Defru and Xavier Bonfils and Annelies Mortier and Watson, {Christopher A.} and Manu Stalport and Matteo Pinamonti and Florian Lienhard and Avet Harutyunyan and Mario Damasso and Latham, {David W.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Robert Massey and Jonathan Irwin and Winters, {Jennifer G.} and David Charbonneau and Carl Ziegler and Elisabeth Matthews and Crossfield, {Ian J. M.} and Laura Kreidberg and Quinn, {Samuel N.} and George Ricker and Roland Vanderspek and Sara Seager and Joshua Winn and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Michael Vezie and St{\'e}phane Udry and Twicken, {Joseph D.} and Peter Tenenbaum and Alessandro Sozzetti and Damien S{\'e}gransan and Schlieder, {Joshua E.} and Dimitar Sasselov and Santos, {Nuno C.} and Ken Rice and Rackham, {Benjamin V.} and Ennio Poretti and Giampaolo Piotto and David Phillips and Francesco Pepe and Emilio Molinari and Lucile Mignon and Giuseppina Micela and Claudio Melo and {de Medeiros}, {Jos{\'e} R.} and Michel Mayor and Matson, {Rachel A.} and {Martinez Fiorenzano}, {Aldo F.} and Mann, {Andrew W.} and Antonio Magazz{\'u} and Christophe Lovis and Mercedes L{\'o}pez-Morales and Eric Lopez and Lissauer, {Jack J.} and S{\'e}bastien L{\'e}pine and Nicholas Law and Kielkopf, {John F.} and Johnson, {John A.} and Jensen, {Eric L. N.} and Howell, {Steve B.} and Erica Gonzales and Adriano Ghedina and Thierry Forveille and Pedro Figueira and Xavier Dumusque and Dressing, {Courtney D.} and Ren{\'e} Doyon and D{\'i}az, {Rodrigo F.} and Fabrizio, {Luca Di} and Xavier Delfosse and Rosario Cosentino and Conti, {Dennis M.} and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Cameron, {Andrew Collier} and David Ciardi and Caldwell, {Douglas A.} and Christopher Burke and Lars Buchhave and C{\'e}sar Brice{\~n}o and Patricia Boyd and Fran{\c c}ois Bouchy and Charles Beichman and {\'E}tienne Artigau and Almenara, {Jose M.}",

note = "Funding: N.A.D. acknowledges support from FONDECYT 3180063.A.M. acknowledges support from the senior Kavli InstituteFellowships.J.G.W. is supported by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation. .C.Z. is supported by a Dunlap Fellowship at the Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, funded through an endowment established by the Dunlap family and the University of Toronto. I.J.M.C. acknowledges support from the NSF through grant AST-1824644 and NASA through Caltech/JPL grant RSA-1610091. F.L. gratefully acknowledges a scholarship from the Fondation Z{\u d}nek et Michaela Bakala. M.S. thanks the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and Geneva University for their continuous support of our exoplanet researches. This work has been in particular carried out in the frame of the National Center for Competence in Research “PlanetS” supported by SNSF.C.A.W. acknowledges support from Science and Technology Facilities Council grant ST/P000312/1. N.C.S. acknowledges supported by FCT, Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia, through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020, Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza{\c c}{\~a}o, by these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113, PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953. M.Pi. gratefully acknowledges support from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 313014 (ETAEARTH). J.R.M. acknowledges support by the CAPES, CNPq, and FAPERN Brazilian agencies.",

year = "2020",

month = jul,

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2",

language = "English",

volume = "160",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

}

Cloutier, R, Eastman, JD, Rodriguez, JE, Astudillo-Defru, N, Bonfils, X, Mortier, A, Watson, CA, Stalport, M, Pinamonti, M, Lienhard, F, Harutyunyan, A, Damasso, M, Latham, DW, Collins, KA, Massey, R, Irwin, J, Winters, JG, Charbonneau, D, Ziegler, C, Matthews, E, Crossfield, IJM, Kreidberg, L, Quinn, SN, Ricker, G, Vanderspek, R, Seager, S, Winn, J, Jenkins, JM, Vezie, M, Udry, S, Twicken, JD, Tenenbaum, P, Sozzetti, A, Ségransan, D, Schlieder, JE, Sasselov, D, Santos, NC, Rice, K, Rackham, BV, Poretti, E, Piotto, G, Phillips, D, Pepe, F, Molinari, E, Mignon, L, Micela, G, Melo, C, de Medeiros, JR, Mayor, M, Matson, RA, Martinez Fiorenzano, AF, Mann, AW, Magazzú, A, Lovis, C, López-Morales, M, Lopez, E, Lissauer, JJ, Lépine, S, Law, N, Kielkopf, JF, Johnson, JA, Jensen, ELN, Howell, SB, Gonzales, E, Ghedina, A, Forveille, T, Figueira, P, Dumusque, X, Dressing, CD, Doyon, R, Díaz, RF, Fabrizio, LD, Delfosse, X, Cosentino, R, Conti, DM, Collins, KI, Cameron, AC, Ciardi, D, Caldwell, DA, Burke, C, Buchhave, L, Briceño, C, Boyd, P, Bouchy, F, Beichman, C, Artigau, É & Almenara, JM 2020, 'A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780', Astronomical Journal, vol. 160, no. 1, 3. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2

TY - JOUR

T1 - A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780

AU - Cloutier, Ryan

AU - Eastman, Jason D.

AU - Rodriguez, Joseph E.

AU - Astudillo-Defru, Nicola

AU - Bonfils, Xavier

AU - Mortier, Annelies

AU - Watson, Christopher A.

AU - Stalport, Manu

AU - Pinamonti, Matteo

AU - Lienhard, Florian

AU - Harutyunyan, Avet

AU - Damasso, Mario

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Massey, Robert

AU - Irwin, Jonathan

AU - Winters, Jennifer G.

AU - Charbonneau, David

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Matthews, Elisabeth

AU - Crossfield, Ian J. M.

AU - Kreidberg, Laura

AU - Quinn, Samuel N.

AU - Ricker, George

AU - Vanderspek, Roland

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Winn, Joshua

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Vezie, Michael

AU - Udry, Stéphane

AU - Twicken, Joseph D.

AU - Tenenbaum, Peter

AU - Sozzetti, Alessandro

AU - Ségransan, Damien

AU - Schlieder, Joshua E.

AU - Sasselov, Dimitar

AU - Santos, Nuno C.

AU - Rice, Ken

AU - Rackham, Benjamin V.

AU - Poretti, Ennio

AU - Piotto, Giampaolo

AU - Phillips, David

AU - Pepe, Francesco

AU - Molinari, Emilio

AU - Mignon, Lucile

AU - Micela, Giuseppina

AU - Melo, Claudio

AU - de Medeiros, José R.

AU - Mayor, Michel

AU - Matson, Rachel A.

AU - Martinez Fiorenzano, Aldo F.

AU - Mann, Andrew W.

AU - Magazzú, Antonio

AU - Lovis, Christophe

AU - López-Morales, Mercedes

AU - Lopez, Eric

AU - Lissauer, Jack J.

AU - Lépine, Sébastien

AU - Law, Nicholas

AU - Kielkopf, John F.

AU - Johnson, John A.

AU - Jensen, Eric L. N.

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Gonzales, Erica

AU - Ghedina, Adriano

AU - Forveille, Thierry

AU - Figueira, Pedro

AU - Dumusque, Xavier

AU - Dressing, Courtney D.

AU - Doyon, René

AU - Díaz, Rodrigo F.

AU - Fabrizio, Luca Di

AU - Delfosse, Xavier

AU - Cosentino, Rosario

AU - Conti, Dennis M.

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Cameron, Andrew Collier

AU - Ciardi, David

AU - Caldwell, Douglas A.

AU - Burke, Christopher

AU - Buchhave, Lars

AU - Briceño, César

AU - Boyd, Patricia

AU - Bouchy, François

AU - Beichman, Charles

AU - Artigau, Étienne

AU - Almenara, Jose M.

N1 - Funding: N.A.D. acknowledges support from FONDECYT 3180063.A.M. acknowledges support from the senior Kavli InstituteFellowships.J.G.W. is supported by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation. .C.Z. is supported by a Dunlap Fellowship at the Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, funded through an endowment established by the Dunlap family and the University of Toronto. I.J.M.C. acknowledges support from the NSF through grant AST-1824644 and NASA through Caltech/JPL grant RSA-1610091. F.L. gratefully acknowledges a scholarship from the Fondation Zd̆nek et Michaela Bakala. M.S. thanks the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and Geneva University for their continuous support of our exoplanet researches. This work has been in particular carried out in the frame of the National Center for Competence in Research “PlanetS” supported by SNSF.C.A.W. acknowledges support from Science and Technology Facilities Council grant ST/P000312/1. N.C.S. acknowledges supported by FCT, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020, Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização, by these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113, PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953. M.Pi. gratefully acknowledges support from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 313014 (ETAEARTH). J.R.M. acknowledges support by the CAPES, CNPq, and FAPERN Brazilian agencies.

PY - 2020/7

Y1 - 2020/7

N2 - We present the confirmation of two new planets transiting the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 (TIC 36724087, TOI-732, V = 13.07, Ks =8.204, Rs = 0.374 R⊙, Ms = 0.401 M⊙, d = 22 pc). The two planet candidates are identified in a single Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sector and validated with reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometric follow-up, and high-resolution imaging. With measured orbital periods of Pb = 0.77, Pc = 12.25 days and sizes rp,b = 1.33 ± 0.07, rp,c = 2.30 ±0.16 R⊕, the two planets span the radius valley in period-radius space around low-mass stars, thus making the system a laboratory to test competing theories of the emergence of the radius valley in that stellar mass regime. By combining 63 precise radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and HARPS-N, we measure planet masses of mp,b = 2.62-0.46+0.48 and mp,c = 8.6-1.3+1.6 M⊕, which indicates that LTT 3780b has a bulk composition consistent with being Earth-like, while LTT 3780c likely hosts an extended H/He envelope. We show that the recovered planetary masses are consistent with predictions from both photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models. The brightness and small size of LTT 3780, along with the measured planetary parameters, render LTT 3780b and c as accessible targets for atmospheric characterization of planets within the same planetary system and spanning the radius valley.

AB - We present the confirmation of two new planets transiting the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 (TIC 36724087, TOI-732, V = 13.07, Ks =8.204, Rs = 0.374 R⊙, Ms = 0.401 M⊙, d = 22 pc). The two planet candidates are identified in a single Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sector and validated with reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometric follow-up, and high-resolution imaging. With measured orbital periods of Pb = 0.77, Pc = 12.25 days and sizes rp,b = 1.33 ± 0.07, rp,c = 2.30 ±0.16 R⊕, the two planets span the radius valley in period-radius space around low-mass stars, thus making the system a laboratory to test competing theories of the emergence of the radius valley in that stellar mass regime. By combining 63 precise radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and HARPS-N, we measure planet masses of mp,b = 2.62-0.46+0.48 and mp,c = 8.6-1.3+1.6 M⊕, which indicates that LTT 3780b has a bulk composition consistent with being Earth-like, while LTT 3780c likely hosts an extended H/He envelope. We show that the recovered planetary masses are consistent with predictions from both photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models. The brightness and small size of LTT 3780, along with the measured planetary parameters, render LTT 3780b and c as accessible targets for atmospheric characterization of planets within the same planetary system and spanning the radius valley.

KW - Radial velocity

KW - M dwarf stars

KW - Exoplanet systems

KW - Transit photometry

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 160

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 3

ER -

A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780

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Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021: Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021

Support for the PLATO Development: Support for the PLATO Development Phase 2017-2022: Planet candidate ranking and validation

Cite this