A hot mini-Neptune and a temperate, highly eccentric sub-Saturn around the bright K-dwarf TOI-2134

F Rescigno; G Hébrard; A Vanderburg; A W Mann; A Mortier; S Morrell; L A Buchhave; K A Collins; C R Mann; C Hellier; R D Haywood; R West; M Stalport; N Heidari; D Anderson; C X Huang; M López-Morales; P Cortés-Zuleta; H M Lewis; X Dumusque; I Boisse; P Rowden; A Collier Cameron; M Deleuil; M Vezie; F A Pepe; X Delfosse; D Charbonneau; K Rice; O Demangeon; S N Quinn; S Udry; T Forveille; J N Winn; A Sozzetti; S Hoyer; S Seager; T G Wilson; S Dalal; E Martioli; S Striegel; W Boschin; D Dragomir; A F Martínez Fiorenzano; R Cosentino; A Ghedina; L Malavolta; L Affer; B S Lakeland; B A Nicholson; S Foschino; A Wünsche; K Barkaoui; G Srdoc; J Randolph; B Guillet; D M Conti; M Ghachoui; M Gillon; Z Benkhaldoun; F J Pozuelos; M Timmermans; E Girardin; S Matutano; P Bosch-Cabot; J A Muñoz; R Forés-Toribio

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3255

A hot mini-Neptune and a temperate, highly eccentric sub-Saturn around the bright K-dwarf TOI-2134

F Rescigno^*, G Hébrard, A Vanderburg, A W Mann, A Mortier, S Morrell, L A Buchhave, K A Collins, C R Mann, C Hellier, R D Haywood, R West, M Stalport, N Heidari, D Anderson, C X Huang, M López-Morales, P Cortés-Zuleta, H M Lewis, X DumusqueI Boisse, P Rowden, A Collier Cameron, M Deleuil, M Vezie, F A Pepe, X Delfosse, D Charbonneau, K Rice, O Demangeon, S N Quinn, S Udry, T Forveille, J N Winn, A Sozzetti, S Hoyer, S Seager, T G Wilson, S Dalal, E Martioli, S Striegel, W Boschin, D Dragomir, A F Martínez Fiorenzano, R Cosentino, A Ghedina, L Malavolta, L Affer, B S Lakeland, B A Nicholson, S Foschino, A Wünsche, K Barkaoui, G Srdoc, J Randolph, B Guillet, D M Conti, M Ghachoui, M Gillon, Z Benkhaldoun, F J Pozuelos, M Timmermans, E Girardin, S Matutano, P Bosch-Cabot, J A Muñoz, R Forés-Toribio

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present the characterisation of an inner mini-Neptune in a 9.2292005±0.0000063 day orbit and an outer mono-transiting sub-Saturn planet in a 95.50^+0.36_-0.25 day orbit around the moderately active, bright (m_v = 8.9 mag) K5V star TOI-2134. Based on our analysis of five sectors of TESS data, we determine the radii of TOI-2134b and c to be 2.69±0.16 R⊕ for the inner planet and 7.27±0.42 R⊕ for the outer one. We acquired 111 radial-velocity spectra with HARPS-N and 108 radial-velocity spectra with SOPHIE. After careful periodogram analysis, we derive masses for both planets via Gaussian Process regression: 9.13^+0.78_-0.76 M⊕ for TOI-2134b and 41.89^+7.69_-7.83 M⊕ for TOI-2134c. We analysed the photometric and radial-velocity data first separately, then jointly. The inner planet is a mini-Neptune with density consistent with either a water-world or a rocky core planet with a low-mass H/He envelope. The outer planet has a bulk density similar to Saturn’s. The outer planet is derived to have a significant eccentricity of 0.67^+0.05_-0.06 from a combination of photometry and RVs. We compute the irradiation of TOI-2134c as 1.45±0.10 times the bolometric flux received by Earth, positioning it for part of its orbit in the habitable zone of its system. We recommend further RV observations to fully constrain the orbit of TOI-2134c. With an expected Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect amplitude of 7.2±1.3 m^-1, we recommend TOI-2134c for follow-up RM analysis to study the spin-orbit architecture of the system. We calculate the Transmission Spectroscopy Metric, and both planets are suitable for bright-mode NIRCam atmospheric characterisation.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5385–5407
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	527
Issue number	3
Early online date	25 Oct 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3255
Publication status	Published - Nov 2024

Keywords

Methods: data analysis
Techniques: photometric
Techniques: radial velocities
Planets and satellites: detection
ctivity – stars: individual (TOI-2134, TIC 75878355, G 204-45)

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10.1093/mnras/stad3255Licence: CC BY

Rescigno-2023-A-hot-mini-Neptune-MNRAS-527-3-5385-CCBY
Copyright © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Final published version, 3.54 MBLicence: CC BY

Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021: Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021
Jardine, M. M. (PI), Bonnell, I. A. (CoI), Cameron, A. C. (CoI), Cyganowski, C. J. (CoI), Dominik, M. (CoI), Helling, C. (CoI), Horne, K. D. (CoI), Scholz, A. (CoI), Tojeiro, R. (CoI), Weijmans, A.-M. (CoI), Wild, V. (CoI), Woitke, P. (CoI), Wood, K. (CoI) & Zhao, H. (CoI)
1/04/18 → 31/03/22
Project: Standard
Support for the PLATO Development: Support for the PLATO Development Phase 2017-2022: Planet candidate ranking and validation
Cameron, A. C. (PI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council
1/08/17 → 31/12/22
Project: Standard

Cite this

Rescigno, F., Hébrard, G., Vanderburg, A., Mann, A. W., Mortier, A., Morrell, S., Buchhave, L. A., Collins, K. A., Mann, C. R., Hellier, C., Haywood, R. D., West, R., Stalport, M., Heidari, N., Anderson, D., Huang, C. X., López-Morales, M., Cortés-Zuleta, P., Lewis, H. M., ... Forés-Toribio, R. (2024). A hot mini-Neptune and a temperate, highly eccentric sub-Saturn around the bright K-dwarf TOI-2134. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 527(3), 5385–5407. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3255

@article{4647ed3a9d1742d6ba86fc18e9ec8d8b,

title = "A hot mini-Neptune and a temperate, highly eccentric sub-Saturn around the bright K-dwarf TOI-2134",

abstract = "We present the characterisation of an inner mini-Neptune in a 9.2292005±0.0000063 day orbit and an outer mono-transiting sub-Saturn planet in a 95.50+0.36-0.25 day orbit around the moderately active, bright (mv = 8.9 mag) K5V star TOI-2134. Based on our analysis of five sectors of TESS data, we determine the radii of TOI-2134b and c to be 2.69±0.16 R⊕ for the inner planet and 7.27±0.42 R⊕ for the outer one. We acquired 111 radial-velocity spectra with HARPS-N and 108 radial-velocity spectra with SOPHIE. After careful periodogram analysis, we derive masses for both planets via Gaussian Process regression: 9.13+0.78-0.76 M⊕ for TOI-2134b and 41.89+7.69-7.83 M⊕ for TOI-2134c. We analysed the photometric and radial-velocity data first separately, then jointly. The inner planet is a mini-Neptune with density consistent with either a water-world or a rocky core planet with a low-mass H/He envelope. The outer planet has a bulk density similar to Saturn{\textquoteright}s. The outer planet is derived to have a significant eccentricity of 0.67+0.05-0.06 from a combination of photometry and RVs. We compute the irradiation of TOI-2134c as 1.45±0.10 times the bolometric flux received by Earth, positioning it for part of its orbit in the habitable zone of its system. We recommend further RV observations to fully constrain the orbit of TOI-2134c. With an expected Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect amplitude of 7.2±1.3 m-1, we recommend TOI-2134c for follow-up RM analysis to study the spin-orbit architecture of the system. We calculate the Transmission Spectroscopy Metric, and both planets are suitable for bright-mode NIRCam atmospheric characterisation.",

keywords = "Methods: data analysis, Techniques: photometric, Techniques: radial velocities, Planets and satellites: detection, ctivity – stars: individual (TOI-2134, TIC 75878355, G 204-45)",

author = "F Rescigno and G H{\'e}brard and A Vanderburg and Mann, {A W} and A Mortier and S Morrell and Buchhave, {L A} and Collins, {K A} and Mann, {C R} and C Hellier and Haywood, {R D} and R West and M Stalport and N Heidari and D Anderson and Huang, {C X} and M L{\'o}pez-Morales and P Cort{\'e}s-Zuleta and Lewis, {H M} and X Dumusque and I Boisse and P Rowden and Cameron, {A Collier} and M Deleuil and M Vezie and Pepe, {F A} and X Delfosse and D Charbonneau and K Rice and O Demangeon and Quinn, {S N} and S Udry and T Forveille and Winn, {J N} and A Sozzetti and S Hoyer and S Seager and Wilson, {T G} and S Dalal and E Martioli and S Striegel and W Boschin and D Dragomir and Fiorenzano, {A F Mart{\'i}nez} and R Cosentino and A Ghedina and L Malavolta and L Affer and Lakeland, {B S} and Nicholson, {B A} and S Foschino and A W{\"u}nsche and K Barkaoui and G Srdoc and J Randolph and B Guillet and Conti, {D M} and M Ghachoui and M Gillon and Z Benkhaldoun and Pozuelos, {F J} and M Timmermans and E Girardin and S Matutano and P Bosch-Cabot and Mu{\~n}oz, {J A} and R For{\'e}s-Toribio",

note = "Funding: ACC and TGW acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. RDH is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC){\textquoteright}s Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (grant no. ST/V004735/1). SD is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant no. ST/V004735/1). BSL is funded by a UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) studentship (ST/V506679/1). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement SCORE no. 851555).",

year = "2024",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad3255",

language = "English",

volume = "527",

pages = "5385–5407",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "3",

}

Rescigno, F, Hébrard, G, Vanderburg, A, Mann, AW, Mortier, A, Morrell, S, Buchhave, LA, Collins, KA, Mann, CR, Hellier, C, Haywood, RD, West, R, Stalport, M, Heidari, N, Anderson, D, Huang, CX, López-Morales, M, Cortés-Zuleta, P, Lewis, HM, Dumusque, X, Boisse, I, Rowden, P, Cameron, AC, Deleuil, M, Vezie, M, Pepe, FA, Delfosse, X, Charbonneau, D, Rice, K, Demangeon, O, Quinn, SN, Udry, S, Forveille, T, Winn, JN, Sozzetti, A, Hoyer, S, Seager, S, Wilson, TG, Dalal, S, Martioli, E, Striegel, S, Boschin, W, Dragomir, D, Fiorenzano, AFM, Cosentino, R, Ghedina, A, Malavolta, L, Affer, L, Lakeland, BS, Nicholson, BA, Foschino, S, Wünsche, A, Barkaoui, K, Srdoc, G, Randolph, J, Guillet, B, Conti, DM, Ghachoui, M, Gillon, M, Benkhaldoun, Z, Pozuelos, FJ, Timmermans, M, Girardin, E, Matutano, S, Bosch-Cabot, P, Muñoz, JA & Forés-Toribio, R 2024, 'A hot mini-Neptune and a temperate, highly eccentric sub-Saturn around the bright K-dwarf TOI-2134', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 527, no. 3, pp. 5385–5407. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3255

TY - JOUR

T1 - A hot mini-Neptune and a temperate, highly eccentric sub-Saturn around the bright K-dwarf TOI-2134

AU - Rescigno, F

AU - Hébrard, G

AU - Vanderburg, A

AU - Mann, A W

AU - Mortier, A

AU - Morrell, S

AU - Buchhave, L A

AU - Collins, K A

AU - Mann, C R

AU - Hellier, C

AU - Haywood, R D

AU - West, R

AU - Stalport, M

AU - Heidari, N

AU - Anderson, D

AU - Huang, C X

AU - López-Morales, M

AU - Cortés-Zuleta, P

AU - Lewis, H M

AU - Dumusque, X

AU - Boisse, I

AU - Rowden, P

AU - Cameron, A Collier

AU - Deleuil, M

AU - Vezie, M

AU - Pepe, F A

AU - Delfosse, X

AU - Charbonneau, D

AU - Rice, K

AU - Demangeon, O

AU - Quinn, S N

AU - Udry, S

AU - Forveille, T

AU - Winn, J N

AU - Sozzetti, A

AU - Hoyer, S

AU - Seager, S

AU - Wilson, T G

AU - Dalal, S

AU - Martioli, E

AU - Striegel, S

AU - Boschin, W

AU - Dragomir, D

AU - Fiorenzano, A F Martínez

AU - Cosentino, R

AU - Ghedina, A

AU - Malavolta, L

AU - Affer, L

AU - Lakeland, B S

AU - Nicholson, B A

AU - Foschino, S

AU - Wünsche, A

AU - Barkaoui, K

AU - Srdoc, G

AU - Randolph, J

AU - Guillet, B

AU - Conti, D M

AU - Ghachoui, M

AU - Gillon, M

AU - Benkhaldoun, Z

AU - Pozuelos, F J

AU - Timmermans, M

AU - Girardin, E

AU - Matutano, S

AU - Bosch-Cabot, P

AU - Muñoz, J A

AU - Forés-Toribio, R

N1 - Funding: ACC and TGW acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. RDH is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)’s Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (grant no. ST/V004735/1). SD is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant no. ST/V004735/1). BSL is funded by a UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) studentship (ST/V506679/1). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement SCORE no. 851555).

PY - 2024/11

Y1 - 2024/11

N2 - We present the characterisation of an inner mini-Neptune in a 9.2292005±0.0000063 day orbit and an outer mono-transiting sub-Saturn planet in a 95.50+0.36-0.25 day orbit around the moderately active, bright (mv = 8.9 mag) K5V star TOI-2134. Based on our analysis of five sectors of TESS data, we determine the radii of TOI-2134b and c to be 2.69±0.16 R⊕ for the inner planet and 7.27±0.42 R⊕ for the outer one. We acquired 111 radial-velocity spectra with HARPS-N and 108 radial-velocity spectra with SOPHIE. After careful periodogram analysis, we derive masses for both planets via Gaussian Process regression: 9.13+0.78-0.76 M⊕ for TOI-2134b and 41.89+7.69-7.83 M⊕ for TOI-2134c. We analysed the photometric and radial-velocity data first separately, then jointly. The inner planet is a mini-Neptune with density consistent with either a water-world or a rocky core planet with a low-mass H/He envelope. The outer planet has a bulk density similar to Saturn’s. The outer planet is derived to have a significant eccentricity of 0.67+0.05-0.06 from a combination of photometry and RVs. We compute the irradiation of TOI-2134c as 1.45±0.10 times the bolometric flux received by Earth, positioning it for part of its orbit in the habitable zone of its system. We recommend further RV observations to fully constrain the orbit of TOI-2134c. With an expected Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect amplitude of 7.2±1.3 m-1, we recommend TOI-2134c for follow-up RM analysis to study the spin-orbit architecture of the system. We calculate the Transmission Spectroscopy Metric, and both planets are suitable for bright-mode NIRCam atmospheric characterisation.

AB - We present the characterisation of an inner mini-Neptune in a 9.2292005±0.0000063 day orbit and an outer mono-transiting sub-Saturn planet in a 95.50+0.36-0.25 day orbit around the moderately active, bright (mv = 8.9 mag) K5V star TOI-2134. Based on our analysis of five sectors of TESS data, we determine the radii of TOI-2134b and c to be 2.69±0.16 R⊕ for the inner planet and 7.27±0.42 R⊕ for the outer one. We acquired 111 radial-velocity spectra with HARPS-N and 108 radial-velocity spectra with SOPHIE. After careful periodogram analysis, we derive masses for both planets via Gaussian Process regression: 9.13+0.78-0.76 M⊕ for TOI-2134b and 41.89+7.69-7.83 M⊕ for TOI-2134c. We analysed the photometric and radial-velocity data first separately, then jointly. The inner planet is a mini-Neptune with density consistent with either a water-world or a rocky core planet with a low-mass H/He envelope. The outer planet has a bulk density similar to Saturn’s. The outer planet is derived to have a significant eccentricity of 0.67+0.05-0.06 from a combination of photometry and RVs. We compute the irradiation of TOI-2134c as 1.45±0.10 times the bolometric flux received by Earth, positioning it for part of its orbit in the habitable zone of its system. We recommend further RV observations to fully constrain the orbit of TOI-2134c. With an expected Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect amplitude of 7.2±1.3 m-1, we recommend TOI-2134c for follow-up RM analysis to study the spin-orbit architecture of the system. We calculate the Transmission Spectroscopy Metric, and both planets are suitable for bright-mode NIRCam atmospheric characterisation.

KW - Methods: data analysis

KW - Techniques: photometric

KW - Techniques: radial velocities

KW - Planets and satellites: detection

KW - ctivity – stars: individual (TOI-2134, TIC 75878355, G 204-45)

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad3255

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad3255

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 527

SP - 5385

EP - 5407

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 3

ER -

A hot mini-Neptune and a temperate, highly eccentric sub-Saturn around the bright K-dwarf TOI-2134

Abstract

Keywords

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Projects

Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021: Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021

Support for the PLATO Development: Support for the PLATO Development Phase 2017-2022: Planet candidate ranking and validation

Cite this