A flexible framework for spatial capture-recapture with unknown identities

Paul Van Dam-Bates*, Michail Papathomas, Ben C. Stevenson, Rachel M. Fewster, Daniel Turek, Frances E.C. Stewart, David Louis Borchers

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Camera traps or acoustic recorders are often used to sample wildlife populations. When animals can be individually identified, these data can be used with spatial capture-recapture (SCR) methods to assess populations. However, obtaining animal identities is often labor-intensive and not always possible for all detected animals. To address this problem, we formulate SCR, including acoustic SCR, as a marked Poisson process, comprising a single counting process for the detections of all animals and a mark distribution for what is observed (eg, animal identity, detector location). The counting process applies equally when it is animals appearing in front of camera traps and when vocalizations are captured by microphones, although the definition of a mark changes. When animals cannot be uniquely identified, the observed marks arise from a mixture of mark distributions defined by the animal activity centers and additional characteristics. Our method generalizes existing latent identity SCR models and provides an integrated framework that includes acoustic SCR. We apply our method to estimate density from a camera trap study of fisher (Pekania pennanti) and an acoustic survey of Cape Peninsula moss frog (Arthroleptella lightfooti). We also test it through simulation. We find latent identity SCR with additional marks such as sex or time of arrival to be a reliable method for estimating animal density.
Original languageEnglish
Article numberujad019
Number of pages12
JournalBiometrics
Volume80
Issue number1
Early online date19 Feb 2024
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Mar 2024

Keywords

  • Acoustic recorders
  • Camera traps
  • Marked Poisson processes
  • Mixture model
  • Spatial clustering

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