A cold Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb: Cold Neptunes are common.

T. Sumi; D. P. Bennett; I. A. Bond; A. Udalski; V. Batista; Martin Dominik; P. Fouque; D. Kubas; A. Gould; B. Macintosh; K. Cook; S. Dong; L. Skuljan; A. Cassan; F. Abe; C. S. Botzler; A. Fukui; K. Furusawa; J. B. Hearnshaw; Y. Itow; K. Kamiya; P. M. Kilmartin; A. Korpela; W. Lin; C. H. Ling; K. Masuda; Y. Matsubara; N. Miyake; Y. Muraki; M. Nagaya; T. Nagayama; K. Ohnishi; T. Okumura; Y. C. Perrott; N. Rattenbury; To Saito; T. Sako; D. J. Sullivan; W. L. Sweatman; P. J. Tristram; P. C. M. Yock; J. P. Beaulieu; A. Cole; Ch Coutures; M. F. Duran; J. Greenhill; F. Jablonski; Ettore Pedretti; Keith Douglas Horne; Noé Kains; MOA Collaboration, OGLE Collaboration, PLANET Collaboration, MicroFUN Collaboration

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1641

A cold Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb: Cold Neptunes are common.

T. Sumi, D. P. Bennett, I. A. Bond, A. Udalski, V. Batista, Martin Dominik, P. Fouque, D. Kubas, A. Gould, B. Macintosh, K. Cook, S. Dong, L. Skuljan, A. Cassan, F. Abe, C. S. Botzler, A. Fukui, K. Furusawa, J. B. Hearnshaw, Y. ItowK. Kamiya, P. M. Kilmartin, A. Korpela, W. Lin, C. H. Ling, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, N. Miyake, Y. Muraki, M. Nagaya, T. Nagayama, K. Ohnishi, T. Okumura, Y. C. Perrott, N. Rattenbury, To Saito, T. Sako, D. J. Sullivan, W. L. Sweatman, P. J. Tristram, P. C. M. Yock, J. P. Beaulieu, A. Cole, Ch Coutures, M. F. Duran, J. Greenhill, F. Jablonski, Ettore Pedretti, Keith Douglas Horne, Noé Kains, MOA Collaboration, OGLE Collaboration, PLANET Collaboration, MicroFUN Collaboration

School of Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

We present the discovery of a Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb with a planet-star mass ratio of q = [9.5 +/- 2.1] x 10(-5) via gravitational microlensing. The planetary deviation was detected in real-time thanks to the high cadence of the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics survey, real-time light-curve monitoring and intensive follow-up observations. A Bayesian analysis returns the stellar mass and distance at M-l = 0.64(-0.26)(+0.21) M-circle dot and D-l = 5.9(-1.4)(+ 0.9) kpc, respectively, so the mass and separation of the planet are M-p = 20(-8)(+7) M-circle plus and a = 3.3(-0.8)(+1.4) AU, respectively. This discovery adds another cold Neptune-mass planet to the planetary sample discovered by microlensing, which now comprises four cold Neptune/super-Earths, five gas giant planets, and another sub-Saturn mass planet whose nature is unclear. The discovery of these 10 cold exoplanets by the microlensing method implies that the mass ratio function of cold exoplanets scales as dN(pl)/d log q alpha q(-0.7+/-0.2) with a 95% confidence level upper limit of n < -0.35 ( where dN(pl)/d log q alpha q(n)). As microlensing is most sensitive to planets beyond the snow-line, this implies that Neptune-mass planets are at least three times more common than Jupiters in this region at the 95% confidence level.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1641-1653
Number of pages	13
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	710
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1641
Publication status	Published - 20 Feb 2010

Keywords

gravitational lensing: micro
planetary systems
GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT
SURFACE BRIGHTNESS RELATIONS
MICROLENSING OPTICAL DEPTH
CLUMP ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE
EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS
GALACTIC DARK HALO
HIGH-MAGNIFICATION
SUPER-EARTHS
DWARF STARS
IMAGE SUBTRACTION

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10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1641

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Sumi, T., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Udalski, A., Batista, V., Dominik, M., Fouque, P., Kubas, D., Gould, A., Macintosh, B., Cook, K., Dong, S., Skuljan, L., Cassan, A., Abe, F., Botzler, C. S., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Hearnshaw, J. B., ... MOA Collaboration, OGLE Collaboration, PLANET Collaboration, MicroFUN Collaboration (2010). A cold Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb: Cold Neptunes are common. Astrophysical Journal, 710(2), 1641-1653. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1641

@article{a8150ee9a926485f82b5d1e91efe8356,

title = "A cold Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb: Cold Neptunes are common.",

abstract = "We present the discovery of a Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb with a planet-star mass ratio of q = [9.5 +/- 2.1] x 10(-5) via gravitational microlensing. The planetary deviation was detected in real-time thanks to the high cadence of the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics survey, real-time light-curve monitoring and intensive follow-up observations. A Bayesian analysis returns the stellar mass and distance at M-l = 0.64(-0.26)(+0.21) M-circle dot and D-l = 5.9(-1.4)(+ 0.9) kpc, respectively, so the mass and separation of the planet are M-p = 20(-8)(+7) M-circle plus and a = 3.3(-0.8)(+1.4) AU, respectively. This discovery adds another cold Neptune-mass planet to the planetary sample discovered by microlensing, which now comprises four cold Neptune/super-Earths, five gas giant planets, and another sub-Saturn mass planet whose nature is unclear. The discovery of these 10 cold exoplanets by the microlensing method implies that the mass ratio function of cold exoplanets scales as dN(pl)/d log q alpha q(-0.7+/-0.2) with a 95\% confidence level upper limit of n < -0.35 ( where dN(pl)/d log q alpha q(n)). As microlensing is most sensitive to planets beyond the snow-line, this implies that Neptune-mass planets are at least three times more common than Jupiters in this region at the 95\% confidence level.",

keywords = "gravitational lensing: micro, planetary systems, GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT, SURFACE BRIGHTNESS RELATIONS, MICROLENSING OPTICAL DEPTH, CLUMP ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE, EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS, GALACTIC DARK HALO, HIGH-MAGNIFICATION, SUPER-EARTHS, DWARF STARS, IMAGE SUBTRACTION",

author = "T. Sumi and Bennett, \{D. P.\} and Bond, \{I. A.\} and A. Udalski and V. Batista and Martin Dominik and P. Fouque and D. Kubas and A. Gould and B. Macintosh and K. Cook and S. Dong and L. Skuljan and A. Cassan and F. Abe and Botzler, \{C. S.\} and A. Fukui and K. Furusawa and Hearnshaw, \{J. B.\} and Y. Itow and K. Kamiya and Kilmartin, \{P. M.\} and A. Korpela and W. Lin and Ling, \{C. H.\} and K. Masuda and Y. Matsubara and N. Miyake and Y. Muraki and M. Nagaya and T. Nagayama and K. Ohnishi and T. Okumura and Perrott, \{Y. C.\} and N. Rattenbury and To Saito and T. Sako and Sullivan, \{D. J.\} and Sweatman, \{W. L.\} and Tristram, \{P. J.\} and Yock, \{P. C. M.\} and Beaulieu, \{J. P.\} and A. Cole and Ch Coutures and Duran, \{M. F.\} and J. Greenhill and F. Jablonski and Ettore Pedretti and Horne, \{Keith Douglas\} and No{\'e} Kains and \{MOA Collaboration, OGLE Collaboration, PLANET Collaboration, MicroFUN Collaboration\}",

year = "2010",

month = feb,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1641",

language = "English",

volume = "710",

pages = "1641--1653",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

Sumi, T, Bennett, DP, Bond, IA, Udalski, A, Batista, V, Dominik, M, Fouque, P, Kubas, D, Gould, A, Macintosh, B, Cook, K, Dong, S, Skuljan, L, Cassan, A, Abe, F, Botzler, CS, Fukui, A, Furusawa, K, Hearnshaw, JB, Itow, Y, Kamiya, K, Kilmartin, PM, Korpela, A, Lin, W, Ling, CH, Masuda, K, Matsubara, Y, Miyake, N, Muraki, Y, Nagaya, M, Nagayama, T, Ohnishi, K, Okumura, T, Perrott, YC, Rattenbury, N, Saito, T, Sako, T, Sullivan, DJ, Sweatman, WL, Tristram, PJ, Yock, PCM, Beaulieu, JP, Cole, A, Coutures, C, Duran, MF, Greenhill, J, Jablonski, F, Pedretti, E, Horne, KD, Kains, N & MOA Collaboration, OGLE Collaboration, PLANET Collaboration, MicroFUN Collaboration 2010, 'A cold Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb: Cold Neptunes are common.', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 710, no. 2, pp. 1641-1653. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1641

TY - JOUR

T1 - A cold Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb

T2 - Cold Neptunes are common.

AU - Sumi, T.

AU - Bennett, D. P.

AU - Bond, I. A.

AU - Udalski, A.

AU - Batista, V.

AU - Dominik, Martin

AU - Fouque, P.

AU - Kubas, D.

AU - Gould, A.

AU - Macintosh, B.

AU - Cook, K.

AU - Dong, S.

AU - Skuljan, L.

AU - Cassan, A.

AU - Abe, F.

AU - Botzler, C. S.

AU - Fukui, A.

AU - Furusawa, K.

AU - Hearnshaw, J. B.

AU - Itow, Y.

AU - Kamiya, K.

AU - Kilmartin, P. M.

AU - Korpela, A.

AU - Lin, W.

AU - Ling, C. H.

AU - Masuda, K.

AU - Matsubara, Y.

AU - Miyake, N.

AU - Muraki, Y.

AU - Nagaya, M.

AU - Nagayama, T.

AU - Ohnishi, K.

AU - Okumura, T.

AU - Perrott, Y. C.

AU - Rattenbury, N.

AU - Saito, To

AU - Sako, T.

AU - Sullivan, D. J.

AU - Sweatman, W. L.

AU - Tristram, P. J.

AU - Yock, P. C. M.

AU - Beaulieu, J. P.

AU - Cole, A.

AU - Coutures, Ch

AU - Duran, M. F.

AU - Greenhill, J.

AU - Jablonski, F.

AU - Pedretti, Ettore

AU - Horne, Keith Douglas

AU - Kains, Noé

AU - MOA Collaboration, OGLE Collaboration, PLANET Collaboration, MicroFUN Collaboration

PY - 2010/2/20

Y1 - 2010/2/20

N2 - We present the discovery of a Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb with a planet-star mass ratio of q = [9.5 +/- 2.1] x 10(-5) via gravitational microlensing. The planetary deviation was detected in real-time thanks to the high cadence of the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics survey, real-time light-curve monitoring and intensive follow-up observations. A Bayesian analysis returns the stellar mass and distance at M-l = 0.64(-0.26)(+0.21) M-circle dot and D-l = 5.9(-1.4)(+ 0.9) kpc, respectively, so the mass and separation of the planet are M-p = 20(-8)(+7) M-circle plus and a = 3.3(-0.8)(+1.4) AU, respectively. This discovery adds another cold Neptune-mass planet to the planetary sample discovered by microlensing, which now comprises four cold Neptune/super-Earths, five gas giant planets, and another sub-Saturn mass planet whose nature is unclear. The discovery of these 10 cold exoplanets by the microlensing method implies that the mass ratio function of cold exoplanets scales as dN(pl)/d log q alpha q(-0.7+/-0.2) with a 95% confidence level upper limit of n < -0.35 ( where dN(pl)/d log q alpha q(n)). As microlensing is most sensitive to planets beyond the snow-line, this implies that Neptune-mass planets are at least three times more common than Jupiters in this region at the 95% confidence level.

AB - We present the discovery of a Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb with a planet-star mass ratio of q = [9.5 +/- 2.1] x 10(-5) via gravitational microlensing. The planetary deviation was detected in real-time thanks to the high cadence of the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics survey, real-time light-curve monitoring and intensive follow-up observations. A Bayesian analysis returns the stellar mass and distance at M-l = 0.64(-0.26)(+0.21) M-circle dot and D-l = 5.9(-1.4)(+ 0.9) kpc, respectively, so the mass and separation of the planet are M-p = 20(-8)(+7) M-circle plus and a = 3.3(-0.8)(+1.4) AU, respectively. This discovery adds another cold Neptune-mass planet to the planetary sample discovered by microlensing, which now comprises four cold Neptune/super-Earths, five gas giant planets, and another sub-Saturn mass planet whose nature is unclear. The discovery of these 10 cold exoplanets by the microlensing method implies that the mass ratio function of cold exoplanets scales as dN(pl)/d log q alpha q(-0.7+/-0.2) with a 95% confidence level upper limit of n < -0.35 ( where dN(pl)/d log q alpha q(n)). As microlensing is most sensitive to planets beyond the snow-line, this implies that Neptune-mass planets are at least three times more common than Jupiters in this region at the 95% confidence level.

KW - gravitational lensing: micro

KW - planetary systems

KW - GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT

KW - SURFACE BRIGHTNESS RELATIONS

KW - MICROLENSING OPTICAL DEPTH

KW - CLUMP ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE

KW - EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS

KW - GALACTIC DARK HALO

KW - HIGH-MAGNIFICATION

KW - SUPER-EARTHS

KW - DWARF STARS

KW - IMAGE SUBTRACTION

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/77149121756

U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1641

DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1641

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 710

SP - 1641

EP - 1653

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

ER -

A cold Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb: Cold Neptunes are common.

Abstract

Keywords

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A cold Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb: Cold Neptunes are common.

Abstract

Keywords

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Astrophysics in St Andrews: Astrophysics in St Andrews / SUPA (Continuan of Rolling Grant - XPP089

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