Personal profile
Research interests
My group's interests are broad, but many of them involve the behavioural ecology of interactions between different species. We are particularly interested in the types of interactions that are mediated by the senses. Thus, we are interested in how organisms of one species can find and identify target individuals of another species. Specific examples of this can be found in considering how predators search for their prey, and how prey are selected to make this task more difficult for their predators (through processes of camouflage, crypsis, masquerade and mimicry). As can be seen from this example co-evolution is a thread running throughout much of the research. We are not only interested in exploitative relationships like predation, but also in mutualisms (like seed dispersal by frugivorous animals). Another theme that runs through this work is the evolution and stability of signalling systems between individuals of different species, and also the selective forces acting on cues that one species can use to make inferences about individuals of another.
Most of my interests are in the evolutionary ecology of sensory interactions between species. I am broad based in terms of the taxonomic groups that interest me, and am just as interested in plants as animals: as there are complex sensory interactions between plants and herbivores, seed dispersers and pollinators. I am also broadly based in terms of ecosystems, and have worked on marine, freshwater and terrestrial species. Finally, I am broad based in terms of approaches. Although my primary means of investigation is computer and mathematical modelling, I am likely to complement this with field observations, designed experiments and comparative approaches.
Not all my interests fall into this broad umbrella. One notable exception is an interest in experimental design and (especially nonparametric) statistics. Another such exception is an interest in exploring how physical factors (such as heat and water balance) and scaling (particularly large organismal size) influence the selective pressures on individuals.
Research overview
I am interested in the evolutionary ecology of sensory interactions between species. Examples include camouflage in the natural world, signalling between predators and their prey and how plants can communicate with pollinators and seed dispersers.
Expertise related to UN Sustainable Development Goals
In 2015, UN member states agreed to 17 global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. This person’s work contributes towards the following SDG(s):
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SDG 2 Zero Hunger
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SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being
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SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production
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SDG 13 Climate Action
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SDG 14 Life Below Water
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SDG 15 Life on Land
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SDG 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
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Collaborations and top research areas from the last five years
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Evolutionary influences of sexual signalling on protective colouring
Wainwright, J. B., Ruxton, G. D. & Bailey, N. W., Feb 2026, In: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 41, 2, p. 130-138 9 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Pink Cricket Club: dramatic color change in a neotropical leaf-masquerading katylid (Arota festae, Griffini, 1896)
Wainwright, J. B., Rowe, Z. W., Greenwell, M. P., Cannon, P. G., Bailey, N. W. & Ruxton, G. D., Mar 2026, In: Ecology. 107, 3, p. 1-5 5 p., e70333.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile -
A model of optimal digestive strategy in infrequently-feeding snakes
Wood, M. E. & Ruxton, G. D., 15 Jan 2025, (E-pub ahead of print) In: Evolutionary Ecology. Online First, 20 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile -
Exploring the importance of stochasticity to hybrid equilibria in a discrete signaling game
Chisausky, J., Zollman, K. & Ruxton, G. D., Feb 2025, In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 38, 2, p. 157-166Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Functional and evolutionary synergy of trait components can explain the existence of leaf masquerade in katydids
Wainwright, J. B., Rolfe, C. E. J., Ruxton, G. D. & Bailey, N. W., 3 Nov 2025, In: PLoS Biology. 23, 11, p. 1-16 16 p., e3003468.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile
Datasets
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Exploring mixed-species grouping effects through antipredator mechanisms (thesis data)
Gu, H. (Creator) & Ruxton, G. D. (Supervisor), University of St Andrews, 3 Mar 2023
DOI: 10.17630/ed2f1b26-3d1f-463d-a936-041116609ccf, https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/162
Dataset: Thesis dataset
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Predator-prey behavioural interactions on plants, with special emphasis on aphid dropping defence and ladybird search strategies (thesis data)
Humphreys, R. K. (Creator) & Ruxton, G. D. (Supervisor), University of St Andrews, 26 Apr 2022
DOI: 10.17630/331ad79e-f759-42a5-8bc4-5c1e7609e98f, https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/347
Dataset: Thesis dataset
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Data from: Exploring the Importance of Stochasticity to Hybrid Equilibria in a Discrete Signaling Game
Chisausky, J. (Creator), Zollman, K. (Creator) & Ruxton, G. (Creator), Dryad, 26 Nov 2024
Dataset
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Data from: Optimizing countershading camouflage
Cuthill , I. (Creator), Sanghera, S. (Creator), Penacchio, O. (Creator), Lovell, P. G. (Creator), Ruxton, G. D. (Creator) & Harris, J. (Creator), Dryad, 18 Nov 2016
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rd47f
Dataset
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Data from: Orientation to the sun by animals and its interaction with crypsis
Penacchio, O. (Creator), Cuthill, I. (Creator), Lovell, P. G. (Creator), Ruxton, G. D. (Creator) & Harris, J. (Creator), Dryad, 23 Jun 2015
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.db6kg
Dataset
Projects
- 5 Finished
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H2020 MSCA Fellowship SCAVENGER: H2020 MSCA Fellowship SCAVENGER
Ruxton, G. (PI)
European Commission Joint Research Centre
25/09/17 → 24/09/19
Project: Fellowship
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Rebecca McNeil Vacation Scholarship: The functional significance of coloration in sharks.
Ruxton, G. (PI)
1/06/17 → 12/07/17
Project: Studentship
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Extended Evolutionary Synthesis: Putting the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis to the Test
Ruxton, G. (PI)
1/09/16 → 31/05/19
Project: Standard
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Leverhulme Fellowship: Predicting behavioural responses to environmental change from stress physiology
Minderman, J. (PI) & Ruxton, G. (CoI)
1/03/15 → 31/03/18
Project: Fellowship
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Counter shaded animal patterns: Counter shaded animal patterns From photons to form
Ruxton, G. (PI)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
1/10/12 → 30/09/15
Project: Standard
Activities
- 2 Editor of research journal
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Evolutionary Ecology (Journal)
Ruxton, G. D. (Editor)
2012 → …Activity: Publication peer-review and editorial work types › Editor of research journal
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Biology Letters (Journal)
Ruxton, G. D. (Editor)
2012 → …Activity: Publication peer-review and editorial work types › Editor of research journal
Prizes
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Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Ruxton, G. D. (Recipient), 2012
Prize: Election to learned society